Dukoresha kuki kugirango tunoze uburambe.Mugukomeza gushakisha kururu rubuga, wemera gukoresha kuki.Amakuru yinyongera.
Gukora inyongeramusaruro (AM) bikubiyemo gukora ibintu-bitatu, icyarimwe ultra-thin icyarimwe, bigatuma bihenze kuruta gukora imashini gakondo.Ariko, igice gito gusa cyifu yabitswe mugihe cyo guterana igurishwa mubice.Ibisigaye noneho ntibishonga, birashobora rero gukoreshwa.Ibinyuranyo, niba ikintu cyarakozwe muburyo busanzwe, kuvanaho ibikoresho mugusya no gutunganya mubisanzwe birasabwa.
Ibiranga ifu bigena ibipimo byimashini kandi bigomba kubanza gusuzumwa.Igiciro cya AM cyaba kidasanzwe bitewe nuko ifu idashongeshejwe yanduye kandi ntishobora gukoreshwa.Kwangiza ifu bivamo ibintu bibiri: guhindura imiti yibicuruzwa no guhindura imiterere yubukanishi nka morphologie no gukwirakwiza ingano.
Mugihe cyambere, umurimo wingenzi nugushiraho ibintu bikomeye birimo amavuta meza, bityo rero tugomba kwirinda kwanduza ifu, kurugero, hamwe na oxyde cyangwa nitride.Mugihe cyanyuma, ibipimo bifitanye isano no gutembera no gukwirakwira.Kubwibyo, impinduka iyo ari yo yose mu miterere yifu irashobora kuganisha ku kugabana ibicuruzwa bimwe.
Imibare yavuye mubitabo biheruka kwerekana ko imashini ya classique idashobora gutanga amakuru ahagije kubijyanye no gutembera kw'ifu mu gukora inyongeramusaruro y'ifu.Kubijyanye no kuranga ibikoresho fatizo (cyangwa ifu), hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo gupima ku isoko bushobora guhaza iki cyifuzo.Imiterere ihangayikishije hamwe nifu ya puderi igomba kuba imwe murwego rwo gupima no mubikorwa.Kuba hari imitwaro ikomeretsa ntishobora kubangikanya nubuso bwubusa bukoreshwa mubikoresho bya AM mugupima ingirabuzimafatizo hamwe na rheometero ya kera.
GranuTools yateje imbere ibikorwa byo gukora ifu iranga inyongeramusaruro.Intego yacu nyamukuru kwari ukugira igikoresho kimwe kuri geometrike yo kwerekana neza inzira, kandi iyi mikorere yakoreshejwe mugusobanukirwa no gukurikirana ihindagurika ryubwiza bwifu hejuru yimpapuro nyinshi.Amavuta menshi ya aluminiyumu (AlSi10Mg) yatoranijwe mu gihe gitandukanye ku mizigo itandukanye (kuva 100 kugeza 200 ° C).
Kwangirika kwubushyuhe birashobora kugenzurwa no gusesengura ubushobozi bwifu yo kubika amafaranga.Ifu yasesenguwe kugirango itembane (igikoresho cya GranuDrum), gupakira kinetics (igikoresho cya GranuPack) hamwe nimyitwarire ya electrostatike (igikoresho cya GranuCharge).Ibipimo byo guhuriza hamwe no gupakira kinetics birahari kubwinshi bwifu.
Ifu ikwirakwira byoroshye izahura nuburinganire buke, mugihe ifu ifite imbaraga zuzura byihuse bizatanga ibice byubukanishi bifite ubushake buke ugereranije nibicuruzwa bigoye kuzuza.
Ifu ya aluminiyumu eshatu (AlSi10Mg) yabitswe muri laboratoire yacu amezi menshi, hamwe nogukwirakwiza ingano zingana, hamwe nicyitegererezo 316L cyicyuma kitavanze, twavuze hano nkicyitegererezo A, B na C, cyatoranijwe.Ibiranga ingero birashobora gutandukana nabandi.ababikora.Ingero zingero zagabanijwe zapimwe nisesengura rya laser / ISO 13320.
Kubera ko bagenzura ibipimo byimashini, imiterere yifu igomba kubanza gusuzumwa, kandi niba tubona ifu idashongeshejwe ko yanduye kandi idashobora gukurikiranwa, ibiciro byinganda ziyongera ntibizaba nkubukungu nkuko tubyifuza.Kubwibyo, ibipimo bitatu bizakurikiranwa: gutembera kw'ifu, gupakira kinetika na electrostatike.
Ikwirakwizwa rifitanye isano nuburinganire n '“ubworoherane” bwifu yifu nyuma yigikorwa cyo kwisubiramo.Ibi nibyingenzi cyane kuko isura yoroshye yoroshye kuyisohora kandi irashobora gusuzumwa nigikoresho cya GranuDrum hamwe no gupima indangagaciro.
Kuberako imyenge ari ingingo zintege nke mubikoresho, zirashobora gushikana.Gupakira dinamike nikintu cya kabiri cyingenzi kuko ifu yihuta yo gupakira ifite ububobere buke.Iyi myitwarire yapimwe na GranuPack ifite agaciro ka n1 / 2.
Kuba hari umuriro w'amashanyarazi muri poro bitera imbaraga zifatika ziganisha kuri agglomerates.GranuCharge ipima ubushobozi bwifu yokubyara amashanyarazi mugihe uhuye nibikoresho byatoranijwe mugihe cyo gutemba.
Mugihe cyo gutunganya, GranuCharge irashobora guhanura kwangirika gutemba, nko gushiraho ibice muri AM.Rero, ibipimo byabonetse byunvikana cyane kumiterere yubuso bwimbuto (okiside, kwanduza no gukomera).Gusaza kw'ifu yagaruwe birashobora kugereranywa neza (± 0.5 nC).
GranuDrum ishingiye ku ihame ry'ingoma izunguruka kandi ni uburyo bwateguwe bwo gupima imigendekere y'ifu.Silinderi itambitse hamwe nurukuta rwuruhande rufite igice cya kabiri cyicyitegererezo.Ingoma izenguruka umurongo wacyo ku muvuduko wa 2 kugeza kuri 60 rpm, kandi kamera ya CCD ifata amashusho (kuva amashusho 30 kugeza 100 mumasegonda 1).Imigaragarire yumwuka / ifu yamenyekanye kuri buri shusho ukoresheje algorithm yo kumenya.
Gereranya impuzandengo yimyanya yimbere hamwe no kunyeganyega hafi yu mwanya ugereranije.Kuri buri muvuduko wo kuzenguruka, inguni itemba (cyangwa “dinamike inguni ya repose”) αf ibarwa uhereye hagati yimiterere yimbere, kandi indangagaciro ya adhesion index σf, yerekeza ku guhuza ibice, isesengurwa kuva ihindagurika ryimiterere.
Inguni itemba iterwa nibintu byinshi: guterana hagati yuduce, imiterere no guhuriza hamwe (van der Waals, electrostatike na capillary imbaraga).Ifu ifatanye itera urujya n'uruza, mugihe ifu idafatanye itera umuvuduko usanzwe.Indangagaciro ntoya yimfuruka inguni ihuye nibintu byiza bitemba.Igipimo gifatika gifatika hafi ya zeru gihuye nifu idahuye, kubwibyo, uko ifu yifu yiyongera, indangagaciro zifatika ziyongera uko bikwiye.
GranuDrum igufasha gupima inguni ya avalanche yambere hamwe no guhinduranya ifu mugihe cyo gutemba, kimwe no gupima indangagaciro ya adhesion σf hamwe nu mfuruka ya αf ukurikije umuvuduko wo kuzunguruka.
Ubwinshi bwa GranuPack, gukanda gukabije hamwe no gupima igipimo cya Hausner (nanone bita "ibizamini byo gukoraho") bizwi cyane mubiranga ifu kubera ubworoherane n'umuvuduko wo gupima.Ubucucike bwifu nubushobozi bwo kongera ubucucike nibintu byingenzi mugihe cyo kubika, gutwara, guhuriza hamwe, nibindi. Uburyo bwasabwe busobanurwa muri Pharmacopoeia.
Iki kizamini cyoroshye gifite ibibi bitatu byingenzi.Ibipimo biterwa nabakoresha kandi uburyo bwo kuzuza bugira ingaruka kumubare wambere wifu.Ibipimo biboneka byubunini birashobora gukurura amakosa akomeye mubisubizo.Bitewe n'ubworoherane bw'igeragezwa, twirengagije imbaraga zo guhuza hagati y'ibipimo byambere kandi byanyuma.
Imyitwarire ya poro yagaburiwe mumasoko ahoraho yasesenguwe hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byikora.Gupima neza coefficient ya Hausner Hr, ubucucike bwambere ρ (0) nubucucike bwa nyuma ρ (n) nyuma yo gukanda.
Umubare wa kanseri usanzwe ushyirwa kuri n = 500.GranuPack ni igipimo cyikora kandi cyateye imbere cyo gupima ubucucike bushingiye ku bushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa.
Ibindi bipimo birashobora gukoreshwa, ariko ntabwo biri hano.Ifu ishyirwa mubyuma kandi ikanyura muburyo bukomeye bwo gutangiza.Extrapolation ya dinamike ibipimo n1 / 2 nubucucike ntarengwa ρ (∞) byafashwe bivuye kumurongo wo kugabanuka.
Silinderi yoroheje yoroheje yicaye hejuru yigitanda cyifu kugirango igumane ifu / ikirere cyurwego mugihe cyo guhuza.Umuyoboro urimo ifu yintangarugero uzamuka muburebure butajegajega ∆Z hanyuma ugwa mubwisanzure muburebure, ubusanzwe ushyirwa kuri ∆Z = 1 mm cyangwa ∆Z = 3 mm, bipimwa mu buryo bwikora nyuma yingaruka zose.Muburebure, urashobora kubara ingano V yikirundo.
Ubucucike ni igipimo cya misa m nubunini V bwurwego rwifu.Ifu ya m m irazwi, ubucucike ρ bukoreshwa nyuma ya buri gusohora.
Coefficient ya Hausner Hr ifitanye isano nigipimo cyo guhuzagurika kandi isesengurwa nuburinganire bwa Hr = ρ (500) / ρ (0), aho ρ (0) aribwo bwambere ubwinshi bwimbitse kandi ρ (500) nububiko bwa tapi yabazwe nyuma ya 500 kanda.Ibisubizo byororoka hamwe nifu ya poro (mubisanzwe ml 35) ukoresheje uburyo bwa GranuPack.
Ibiranga ifu na miterere yibikoresho bivamo igikoresho nibikoresho byingenzi.Mugihe cyo gutembera, amashanyarazi ya electrostatike atangwa imbere yifu, kandi ayo mafaranga aterwa ningaruka za triboelectric, guhanahana amafaranga mugihe ibintu bibiri bihuye.
Iyo ifu itemba imbere yigikoresho, ingaruka za triboelectric zibaho muguhuza ibice no guhuza hagati yikintu nigikoresho.
Iyo uhuye nibikoresho byatoranijwe, GranuCharge ihita ipima ingano yumuriro wa electrostatike ikomoka mumashanyarazi mugihe cyo gutemba.Icyitegererezo cy'ifu gitemba muri V-tube yinyeganyeza ikagwa mu gikombe cya Faraday ihujwe na electrometero ipima amafaranga ifu ibona uko inyura muri V-tube.Kubisubizo byororoka, kugaburira V-tube kenshi hamwe nigikoresho kizunguruka cyangwa kinyeganyega.
Ingaruka ya triboelectric itera ikintu kimwe kunguka electron hejuru yacyo bityo bikishyuzwa nabi, mugihe ikindi kintu kibura electron bityo kikaba cyarashizwemo neza.Ibikoresho bimwe byunguka electron byoroshye kurenza ibindi, kandi, kimwe, ibindi bikoresho bitakaza electron byoroshye.
Nibihe bintu biba bibi kandi bigahinduka byiza biterwa nuburyo bugereranije nibikoresho birimo kubona cyangwa gutakaza electron.Kugirango uhagararire iyi nzira, urukurikirane rwa triboelectric rwerekanwe kumeza 1 rwateguwe.Ibikoresho bikunda kwishyurwa neza nibindi bikunda kwishyurwa nabi kurutonde, mugihe ibikoresho bitagaragaza imyitwarire yimyitwarire byashyizwe hagati yimeza.
Kurundi ruhande, iyi mbonerahamwe itanga gusa amakuru kubyerekeranye nimyitwarire yimyitwarire yibikoresho, GranuCharge rero yashizweho kugirango itange agaciro nyako kumyitwarire yifu.
Hakozwe ubushakashatsi butandukanye bwo gusesengura kubora.Ingero zasigaye kuri 200 ° C mu isaha imwe cyangwa ibiri.Ifu noneho ihita isesengurwa hamwe na GranuDrum (izina ryumuriro).Ifu noneho ishyirwa mubintu kugeza igeze ku bushyuhe bw’ibidukikije hanyuma igasesengurwa ukoresheje GranuDrum, GranuPack na GranuCharge (ni ukuvuga “ubukonje”).
Ingero nto zasesenguwe hakoreshejwe GranuPack, GranuDrum na GranuCharge ku bushyuhe bumwe / ubushyuhe bwicyumba, ni ukuvuga ubushuhe bugereranije 35.0 ± 1.5% nubushyuhe 21.0 ± 1.0 ° C.
Igipimo cohesion kibara urujya n'uruza rw'ifu kandi bifitanye isano nimpinduka zumwanya wimiterere (ifu / ikirere), zigaragaza imbaraga eshatu gusa zo guhuza (van der Waals, capillary na electrostatike).Mbere yubushakashatsi, andika ubushyuhe bugereranije (RH,%) nubushyuhe (° C).Noneho suka ifu mubikoresho byingoma hanyuma utangire igerageza.
Twanzuye ko ibyo bicuruzwa bititaye kuri cake mugihe dusuzumye ibipimo bya thixotropique.Igishimishije, guhangayikishwa nubushyuhe byahinduye imyitwarire ya rheologiya ya poro yintangarugero A na B kuva mubyimbye byogosha bikamera.Ku rundi ruhande, Ingero C na SS 316L ntabwo zatewe nubushyuhe kandi zerekanaga umubyimba gusa.Buri fu yerekanaga ikwirakwizwa ryiza (ni ukuvuga indangagaciro yo hasi) nyuma yo gushyushya no gukonja.
Ingaruka yubushyuhe nayo iterwa nubuso bwihariye bwibice.Iyo ubushyuhe bukabije bwibintu, niko ingaruka nyinshi ku bushyuhe (urugero ??? 225 °? = 250?.? - 1.?-1) na? 316?225 °? = 19?.? - 1.?-1), utuntu duto duto, ningaruka zingaruka zubushyuhe.Gukora ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru ni amahitamo meza ya pome ya aluminiyumu bitewe no kwiyongera kwayo, kandi ingero zikonje zigera no ku kugenda neza ugereranije nifu ya pristine.
Kuri buri igeragezwa rya GranuPack, uburemere bwifu yanditswe mbere ya buri bushakashatsi, kandi icyitegererezo cyakorewe ingaruka 500 hamwe ninshuro zingana na 1 Hz hamwe no kugwa kubusa ingirabuzimafatizo za mm 1 (ingufu zingaruka ∝).Ingero zitangwa muri selile zipima ukurikije amabwiriza ya software atigenga kubakoresha.Ibipimo byaje gusubirwamo kabiri kugirango harebwe imyororokere no gusuzuma itandukaniro risanzwe.
Isesengura rya GranuPack rirangiye, ubwinshi bwo gupakira (ρ (0)), ubwinshi bwo gupakira (gukanda inshuro nyinshi, n = 500, ni ukuvuga ρ (500)), igipimo cya Hausner / Carr index (Hr / Cr), na bibiri byanditswe ibipimo (n1 / 2 na τ) bijyanye no guhuza imbaraga.Ubucucike bwiza ρ (∞) nabwo burerekanwa (reba Umugereka 1).Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irategura amakuru yubushakashatsi.
Igishushanyo cya 6 nicya 7 byerekana umurongo rusange wo guhuza (ubwinshi bwinshi numubare wingaruka) hamwe nikigereranyo cya n1 / 2 / Hausner.Utubari twibeshya dukoresheje impuzandengo twerekanwa kuri buri murongo, kandi gutandukana bisanzwe byabazwe uhereye kubizamini bisubirwamo.
Ibicuruzwa 316L bidafite ibyuma byari ibicuruzwa biremereye (ρ (0) = 4.554 g / mL).Kubijyanye no gukanda ubucucike, SS 316L iracyari ifu iremereye (ρ (n) = 5.044 g / mL), ikurikiwe na Sample A (ρ (n) = 1,668 g / mL), ikurikiwe na Sample B (ρ (n) = 1,668 g / ml) (n) = 1,645 g / ml).Icyitegererezo C cyari cyo hasi cyane (ρ (n) = 1.581 g / mL).Ukurikije ubwinshi bwifu yifu yambere, tubona ko icyitegererezo A aricyo cyoroshye cyane, kandi urebye ikosa (1.380 g / ml), ingero B na C zifite agaciro kamwe.
Iyo ifu ishyushye, igipimo cyayo cya Hausner kiragabanuka, kibaho gusa kuburugero B, C na SS 316L.Kurugero A, ibi ntibishobora gukorwa bitewe nubunini bwamakosa.Kuri n1 / 2, ibipimo bigenda biragoye kumenya.Kuri sample A na SS 316L, agaciro ka n1 / 2 kagabanutse nyuma ya 2 h kuri 200 ° C, mugihe ifu B na C yiyongereye nyuma yo gupakira ubushyuhe.
Ibiryo byinyeganyeza byakoreshejwe kuri buri igeragezwa rya GranuCharge (reba Ishusho 8).Koresha umuyoboro w'icyuma 316L.Ibipimo byasubiwemo inshuro 3 kugirango bisuzume imyororokere.Uburemere bwibicuruzwa byakoreshejwe kuri buri gipimo byari hafi ml 40 kandi nta fu yagaruwe nyuma yo gupimwa.
Mbere yubushakashatsi, uburemere bwifu yifu (mp, g), ubushyuhe bwikirere bugereranije (RH,%), nubushyuhe (° C) byanditswe.Mugitangira ikizamini, bapima ubwinshi bwamafaranga yifu yambere (q0 muri µC / kg) winjiza ifu mugikombe cya Faraday.Hanyuma, andika ubwinshi bwifu hanyuma ubare ubwinshi bwumuriro (qf, µC / kg) na Δq (Δq = qf - q0) nurangiza ubushakashatsi.
Ibyibanze bya GranuCharge byerekanwe mu mbonerahamwe ya 2 no ku gishushanyo cya 9 (σ ni itandukaniro risanzwe ribarwa uhereye ku bisubizo by'ikizamini cyo kubyara), kandi ibisubizo bitangwa nka histogrammes (gusa q0 na Δq birerekanwa).SS 316L yari ifite igiciro gito cyambere;ibi birashobora guterwa nuko iki gicuruzwa gifite PSD yo hejuru.Kubyerekeranye numubare wambere wamafaranga ya aluminiyumu yambere ya aluminiyumu, nta mwanzuro ushobora gufatwa bitewe nubunini bwamakosa.
Nyuma yo guhura numuyoboro wibyuma 316L, icyitegererezo A cyabonye amafaranga make ugereranije nifu ya B na C, byerekana inzira isa, mugihe ifu ya SS 316L isizwe hamwe na SS 316L, habonetse ubwinshi bwumuriro hafi 0 (reba triboelectric urukurikirane).Igicuruzwa B kiracyishyurwa cyane kuruta A. Kuburugero C, icyerekezo kirakomeza (kwishyurwa kwambere kwambere no kwishyurwa nyuma nyuma yo kumeneka), ariko umubare wamafaranga wiyongera nyuma yubushyuhe bwumuriro.
Nyuma yamasaha 2 yubushyuhe bwa 200 ° C, imyitwarire yifu iba nziza cyane.Mubitegererezo A na B, amafaranga yambere aragabanuka kandi amafaranga yanyuma arahinduka kuva mubi kugeza mubyiza.Ifu ya SS 316L yari ifite amafaranga yambere yambere kandi ihinduka ryubwinshi bwumuriro ryabaye ryiza ariko rikomeza kuba rito (ni ukuvuga 0.033 nC / g).
Twakoze ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka ziterwa nubushyuhe bwumuriro kumyitwarire ihuriweho na aluminiyumu (AlSi10Mg) na 316L ifu idafite ibyuma mugihe twasesenguye ifu yumwimerere mwuka w’ibidukikije nyuma yamasaha 2 kuri 200 ° C.
Gukoresha ifu yubushyuhe bwo hejuru irashobora kunoza ikwirakwizwa ryibicuruzwa, kandi iyi ngaruka isa nkibyingenzi kuri poro zifite ubuso bwihariye bwubutaka hamwe nibikoresho bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi.GranuDrum yakoreshejwe mu gusuzuma imigendekere, GranuPack yakoreshejwe mu gusesengura kuzuza imbaraga, naho GranuCharge yakoreshejwe mu gusesengura triboelectricity ya poro ihura na 316L ibyuma bitagira umuyonga.
Ibisubizo byashizweho hakoreshejwe GranuPack, yerekana iterambere rya coefficient ya Hausner kuri buri fu (usibye icyitegererezo A kubera ikosa ryubunini) nyuma yubushyuhe bwumuriro.Urebye ibipimo byo gupakira (n1 / 2), nta cyerekezo cyagaragaye kuko ibicuruzwa bimwe byagaragaje kwiyongera k'umuvuduko wo gupakira mugihe ibindi byagize ingaruka zinyuranye (urugero: B na C).
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-10-2023