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Kwangirika kwa mikorobe (MIC) nikibazo gikomeye mu nganda nyinshi kuko gishobora guteza igihombo kinini mubukungu.Icyuma cyitwa super duplex kitagira ibyuma 2707 (2707 HDSS) gikoreshwa mubidukikije byo mu nyanja kubera imiti irwanya imiti.Ariko, kurwanya MIC ntabwo byagaragaye mubigeragezo.Ubu bushakashatsi bwasuzumye imyitwarire ya MIC 2707 HDSS yatewe na bagiteri yo mu nyanja ya aerobic Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Isesengura ry’amashanyarazi ryerekanye ko imbere ya biofilm ya Pseudomonas aeruginosa hagati ya 2216E, ubushobozi bwo kwangirika bwahindutse neza, kandi ubwinshi bwa ruswa bwiyongera.Ibisubizo by'ifoto ya X-ray yerekana amashanyarazi (XPS) yerekanaga igabanuka ryibintu bya Cr hejuru yicyitegererezo munsi ya biofilm.Isesengura ry’amashusho yobo ryerekanye ko biofilm ya Pseudomonas aeruginosa yabyaye ubujyakuzimu bwa 0,69 µm nyuma yiminsi 14 yumuco.Nubwo ibi ari bito, byerekana ko 2707 HDSS idakingiwe rwose ningaruka za biofilm ya P. aeruginosa kuri MIC.
Duplex ibyuma bitagira umuyonga (DSS) bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zinyuranye kubera guhuza neza imiterere yimashini nziza hamwe no kurwanya ruswa1,2.Ariko, ibyobo byaho birashobora kugaragara, bishobora guhindura ubusugire bwiki cyuma 3, 4.DSS ntabwo irinzwe kwangirika kwa mikorobe (MIC) 5,6.Nubwo porogaramu ya DSS yagutse cyane, haracyari ibidukikije aho kurwanya ruswa ya DSS bidahagije mugukoresha igihe kirekire.Ibi bivuze ko ibikoresho bihenze cyane birwanya ruswa ikenewe.Jeon et al.7 yasanze na super duplex idafite ibyuma (SDSS) ifite aho igarukira mubijyanye no kurwanya ruswa.Kubwibyo, harakenewe super duplex idafite ibyuma (HDSS) hamwe na ruswa irwanya ruswa mubisabwa bimwe.Ibi byatumye habaho iterambere rya HDSS ivanze cyane.
Kurwanya ruswa ya DSS bigenwa nikigereranyo cya α-icyiciro na γ -cyiciro hamwe nuduce twagabanutse muri Cr, Mo na W yegeranye nicyiciro cya kabiri8,9,10.HDSS ikubiyemo ibintu byinshi bya Cr, Mo na N11, biha imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa kandi bifite agaciro kanini (45-50) bihwanye n’agaciro kangana (PREN), bisobanurwa na wt.% Cr + 3.3 (wt.% Mo + 0, 5 wt% W) + 16 wt%.N12.Kurwanya kwangirika kwayo guterwa nuburinganire buringaniye burimo 50% ferritic (α) na 50% austenitike (γ).HDSS yazamuye imiterere yubukanishi hamwe na chlorine irwanya ugereranije na DSS13 isanzwe.Ibiranga imiti yangirika.Kunanirwa kwangirika kwagura kwagura ikoreshwa rya HDSS mubidukikije bikabije bya chloride nkibidukikije byo mu nyanja.
MIC nikibazo gikomeye mubikorwa byinshi, harimo peteroli na gaze no gutanga amazi14.MIC ihwanye na 20% yibyangiritse byose15.MIC ni bioelectrochemical ruswa ishobora kugaragara mubidukikije byinshi16.Imiterere ya biofilm hejuru yicyuma ihindura imiterere ya electrochemiki bityo bikagira ingaruka kumikorere.Mubisanzwe byemewe ko ruswa ya MIC iterwa na biofilms14.Ibinyabuzima bya elegitoroniki birya ibyuma kugirango bibone imbaraga zo kubaho17.Ubushakashatsi bwa MIC buherutse kwerekana ko EET (ihererekanyabubasha rya elegitoronike) ari yo mpamvu igabanya MIC iterwa na mikorobe ya electrogene.Zhang et al.18 yerekanye ko abunzi ba electron bihutisha ihererekanyabubasha hagati ya selile ya Desulfovibrio vulgaris sessile hamwe nicyuma 304 kitagira umwanda, bikaviramo igitero gikomeye MIC.Anning n'abandi.19 na Wenzlaff n'abandi.20 berekanye ko biofilm ya bagiteri zigabanya sulfate zigabanya (SRBs) zishobora kwinjiza electron ziva mu byuma, bikaviramo gucika cyane.
DSS izwiho kwandura MIC mubitangazamakuru birimo SRBs, bagiteri zigabanya fer (IRBs), nibindi 21.Izi bagiteri zitera umwobo wa DSS munsi ya biofilm22,23.Bitandukanye na DSS, bike birazwi kuri MIC HDSS24.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ni bacteri ya Gram-mbi, motile, imeze nk'inkoni ikwirakwizwa cyane muri kamere25.Pseudomonas aeruginosa nayo ni microbiota nyamukuru ishinzwe MIC yicyuma mubidukikije byo mu nyanja26.Ubwoko bwa pseudomonas bugira uruhare rutaziguye mubikorwa byo kwangirika kandi bizwi nkabakoloni ba mbere mugihe cya biofilm27.Mahat n'abandi.28 na Yuan n'abandi.29 yerekanye ko Pseudomonas aeruginosa ikunda kongera umuvuduko wo kwangirika kwibyuma byoroheje hamwe nudusembwa mubidukikije byamazi.
Intego nyamukuru yiki gikorwa nukwiga imitungo ya MIC ya 2707 HDSS yatewe na bacterium marine aerobic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa ukoresheje uburyo bwa electrochemicique, uburyo bwo gusesengura hejuru hamwe nisesengura ryibicuruzwa byangirika.Ubushakashatsi bwamashanyarazi burimo ubushobozi bwumuzunguruko (OCP), kurwanya umurongo wa polarisiyasi (LPR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) hamwe nimbaraga zishobora kuba polarisiyasi zakozwe kugirango bige imyitwarire ya MIC 2707 HDSS.Isesengura ry'ingufu zikwirakwiza spekitroscopi (EDS) rikorwa kugirango hamenyekane ibintu bya shimi hejuru yubutaka.Byongeye kandi, ihagarikwa rya firime ya okiside iterwa n’ibidukikije byo mu nyanja irimo Pseudomonas aeruginosa byagenwe na X-ray ifoto ya elegitoroniki (XPS).Ubujyakuzimu bw'ibyobo byapimwe munsi ya microscope ya lazeri (CLSM).
Imbonerahamwe 1 irerekana imiti ya 2707 HDSS.Imbonerahamwe 2 yerekana ko 2707 HDSS ifite imiterere yubukanishi ifite imbaraga zingana na 650 MPa.Ku mutini.1 yerekana microstructure ya optique yubushyuhe bwibisubizo bivurwa 2707 HDSS.Imirongo miremire yicyiciro cya austenitis na ferritic idafite icyiciro cya kabiri irashobora kugaragara muri microstructure irimo hafi 50% austenitike na 50% byicyiciro cya ferritic.
Ku mutini.2a yerekana ubushobozi bwumuzunguruko (Eocp) hamwe nigihe cyo kwerekana 2707 HDSS muri 2216E abiotic medium na Pseudomonas aeruginosa umuyonga muminsi 14 kuri 37 ° C.Byagaragaye ko impinduka zagaragaye cyane muri Eocp zabaye mu masaha 24 yambere.Indangagaciro za Eocp muri ibyo bihe byombi zigeze kuri mV -145 (na SCE) mu masaha agera kuri 16 hanyuma zigabanuka cyane kugeza kuri mV -477 (na SCE) na -236 mV (na SCE) ku byitegererezo bitari biologiya na P kuri bene wabo SCE) amababi ya patina.Nyuma yamasaha 24, agaciro ka Eocp ya Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2707 HDSS yagumye ihagaze neza kuri mV -228 (ugereranije na SCE), mugihe agaciro kajyanye nicyitegererezo kitari ibinyabuzima cyari hafi mV -442 (ugereranije na SCE).Eocp imbere ya Pseudomonas aeruginosa yari hasi cyane.
Kwipimisha amashanyarazi ya 2707 HDSS yintangarugero mubitangazamakuru bya abiotic hamwe nu muswa wa Pseudomonas aeruginosa kuri 37 ° C:
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Imbonerahamwe 3 irerekana ibipimo bya elegitoroniki ya ruswa ya 2707 HDSS yerekana urugero rwa abiotic na P. aeruginosa yanduye itangazamakuru mugihe cyiminsi 14.Kwiyongera kwinshi kwa anodic na cathodic kumurongo kugera aho bihurira byatumye hamenyekana ubwinshi bwikwirakwizwa rya ruswa (icorr), ubushobozi bwo kwangirika (Ecorr) hamwe na Tafel kumurongo (βα na βc) ukurikije uburyo busanzwe 30,31.
Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2b, ihinduka ryimbere ryumurongo wa P. aeruginosa ryatumye Ecorr yiyongera ugereranije nu murongo wa abiotic.Agaciro ka icorr k'icyitegererezo karimo Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ugereranije n'igipimo cya ruswa, cyiyongereye kugera kuri 0.328 µA cm-2, cyikubye inshuro enye icy'icyitegererezo kidafite ibinyabuzima (0.087 µA cm-2).
LPR nuburyo bwa kera bwa electrochemiki yuburyo budasenya isesengura ryihuse rya ruswa.Byakoreshejwe kandi kwiga MIC32.Ku mutini.2c yerekana impinduka mukurwanya polarisiyasi (Rp) bitewe nigihe cyo kwerekana.Indangagaciro ya Rp isobanura ruswa nke.Mu masaha 24 yambere, Rp 2707 HDSS yageze kuri 1955 kΩ cm2 kubigereranyo bitari biologiya na 1429 kΩ cm2 kubigereranyo bya Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Igishushanyo 2c cyerekana kandi ko agaciro ka Rp kagabanutse vuba nyuma yumunsi umwe hanyuma ntigakomeza guhinduka muminsi 13 iri imbere.Agaciro Rp kubigereranyo bya Pseudomonas aeruginosa ni nka 40 kΩ cm2, bikaba biri munsi cyane ya 450 kΩ cm2 kubigereranyo bitari biologiya.
Agaciro ka icorr kagereranijwe nigipimo kimwe cya ruswa.Agaciro kayo karashobora kubarwa uhereye kuri Stern-Giri ikurikira:
Kuri Zoe n'abandi.33 Umusozi wa Tafel B wafashwe nkigiciro gisanzwe cya 26 mV / dec muriki gikorwa.Ku mutini.2d yerekana ko icorr ya 2707 abiotic strain yagumye ihagaze neza, mugihe icorr ya bande ya Pseudomonas aeruginosa yahindagurika cyane hamwe no gusimbuka nini nyuma yamasaha 24 yambere.Agaciro ka icorr k'icyitegererezo cya Pseudomonas aeruginosa cyari gahunda yubunini burenze ubwo kugenzura ibinyabuzima.Iyi myumvire ijyanye nibisubizo byo kurwanya polarisiyasi.
EIS nubundi buryo budasenya bukoreshwa mukuranga amashanyarazi ya reaction kuri interineti yangirika34.Impedance spectra hamwe na capacitance kubara imirongo yagaragaye kubitangazamakuru bya abiotic nibisubizo bya Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Rb ni ukurwanya pasive / biofilm ikozwe hejuru yumurongo, Rct nigikorwa cyo guhererekanya kwishyurwa, Cdl nuburyo bubiri bwamashanyarazi.) na QCPE icyiciro gihoraho (CPE) ibipimo.Ibipimo byongeye gusesengurwa mugereranya amakuru nuburyo bwumuriro w'amashanyarazi uhwanye (EEC).
Ku mutini.3 yerekana ibibanza bisanzwe bya Nyquist (a na b) hamwe na Bode ibibanza (a 'na b') byintangarugero 2707 HDSS mubitangazamakuru bya abiotic hamwe nu muswa wa Pseudomonas aeruginosa mugihe cyubushakashatsi butandukanye.Imbere ya Pseudomonas aeruginosa, diameter ya loop ya Nyquist iragabanuka.Umugambi wa Bode (Igishusho 3b ') werekana kwiyongera kwa impedance yose.Amakuru ajyanye nigihe cyo kwidagadura ahoraho arashobora kuboneka kuva icyiciro cya maxima.Ku mutini.4 yerekana imiterere ifatika hamwe na EEC ijyanye hashingiwe kumurongo umwe (a) na layer ebyiri (b).CPE yinjijwe muburyo bwa EEC.Kwinjira no gutambuka kwayo kugaragazwa gutya:
Moderi ebyiri zifatika hamwe nizunguruka zingana kugirango zihuze 2707 HDSS ya coupon impedance:
Aho Y0 nubunini bwa CPE, j numubare wibitekerezo cyangwa (−1) 1/2, ω ni inshuro zinguni, na n nibintu bya CPE bitarenze imwe35.Ihererekanyabubasha ryo kurwanya ibicuruzwa (ni ukuvuga 1 / Rct) bihuye nigipimo cya ruswa.Agaciro Rct yo hasi isobanura igipimo cyo hejuru cyangirika27.Nyuma yiminsi 14 yubushakashatsi, Rct yicyitegererezo cya Pseudomonas aeruginosa yageze kuri 32 kΩ cm2, ikaba iri munsi ya 489 kΩ cm2 yikigereranyo kidafite ibinyabuzima (Imbonerahamwe 4).
CLSM amashusho na SEM amashusho mugitabo.5 herekana neza ko ibinyabuzima bitwikiriye hejuru ya HDSS sample 2707 byari byinshi cyane nyuma yiminsi 7.Ariko, nyuma yiminsi 14 igifuniko cya biofilm cyabaye gake kandi selile zimwe zapfuye ziragaragara.Imbonerahamwe 5 yerekana uburebure bwa biofilm bwa 2707 HDSS nyuma yiminsi 7 na 14 yo guhura na Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Uburebure bwa biofilm ntarengwa bwahindutse kuva 23.4 µm nyuma yiminsi 7 bugera kuri 18.9 µm nyuma yiminsi 14.Impuzandengo ya biofilm yuburebure nayo yemeje iyi nzira.Yagabanutse kuva 22.2 ± 0.7 mm nyuma yiminsi 7 igera kuri 17.8 ± 1.0 mm nyuma yiminsi 14.
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EMF yerekanye ibintu bya chimique muri biofilm nibicuruzwa byangirika kuburugero rwerekanwe na Pseudomonas aeruginosa muminsi 14.Ku mutini.Igishushanyo cya 6 cyerekana ko ibikubiye muri C, N, O, P muri biofilm nibicuruzwa byangirika biri hejuru cyane ugereranije nicyuma cyiza, kubera ko ibyo bintu bifitanye isano na biofilm na metabolite.Microorganismes isaba gusa urugero rwa Cr na Fe.Ibirimo byinshi bya Cr na Fe muri biofilm nibicuruzwa byangirika hejuru yicyitegererezo byerekana gutakaza ibintu muri matrix yicyuma biturutse kuri ruswa.
Nyuma yiminsi 14, ibyobo bifite na P. aeruginosa na bitagaragara byagaragaye hagati ya 2216E.Mbere ya incububasi, ubuso bw'icyitegererezo bwari bworoshye kandi nta nenge (Ishusho 7a).Nyuma yo gukuramo no gukuraho ibicuruzwa bya biofilm na ruswa, ibyobo byimbitse hejuru yicyitegererezo byasuzumwe hakoreshejwe CLSM, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 7b na c.Nta mwobo ugaragara wabonetse hejuru yubugenzuzi butari ibinyabuzima (ubujyakuzimu bwa 0.02 µm).Ubujyakuzimu ntarengwa bwatewe na Pseudomonas aeruginosa bwari 0.52 µm nyuma yiminsi 7 na 0,69 µm nyuma yiminsi 14, hashingiwe ku kigereranyo cy’ubujyakuzimu bwavuye mu byitegererezo 3 (ubujyakuzimu 10 bwatoranijwe kuri buri cyitegererezo) bugera kuri 0. 42 ± 0.12 µm .na 0.52 ± 0.15 µm, (Imbonerahamwe 5).Izi ndangagaciro zijimye ni nto ariko ni ngombwa.
(a) mbere yo kwerekana;(b) Iminsi 14 mubidukikije;(c) Iminsi 14 mumaraso ya P. aeruginosa.
Ku mutini.Imbonerahamwe 8 irerekana XPS yerekanwe yubuso butandukanye, hamwe na chimie yasesenguwe kuri buri buso yavuzwe mu mbonerahamwe ya 6. Mu mbonerahamwe ya 6, ijanisha rya atome rya Fe na Cr ryaragabanutse cyane imbere ya P. aeruginosa (ingero A na B) ) kuruta mu bice bitagenzura ibinyabuzima.(ingero C na D).Kurugero rwa Pseudomonas aeruginosa, umurongo wa Cr 2p urwego rwo hejuru rwashyizwemo ibice bine byimpinga zifite ingufu zihuza (BE) za 574.4, 576.6, 578.3 na 586.8 eV, zahawe Cr, Cr2O3, CrO3 na Cr (OH) 3, kimwe (Ishusho 9a na b).Kuburugero rwibinyabuzima, sprake yurwego rwibanze Cr 2p mumashusho.9c na d bikubiyemo impinga ebyiri nyamukuru za Cr (BE 573.80 eV) na Cr2O3 (BE 575.90 eV).Itandukaniro ritangaje cyane hagati ya abiotic coupon na P. aeruginosa coupon ni ukubaho kwa Cr6 + nigice kinini cyane cya Cr (OH) 3 (BE 586.8 eV) munsi ya biofilm.
Ubuso bwagutse XPS yerekana 2707 HDSS yintangarugero mubitangazamakuru bibiri muminsi 7 na 14.
(a) Iminsi 7 P. aeruginosa yerekanwe, (b) Umunsi 14 P. aeruginosa,
HDSS yerekana urwego rwo hejuru rwo kurwanya ruswa ahantu henshi.Kim et al.2 yatangaje ko HDSS UNS S32707 yamenyekanye nka DSS ikunzwe cyane hamwe na PREN irenga 45. Agaciro PREN ka sample ya HDSS 2707 muriki gikorwa yari 49. Ibi biterwa nibirimo Cr byinshi kandi murwego rwo hejuru rwa Mo na Ni, bifite akamaro mubidukikije bya acide nibidukikije hamwe nibintu byinshi bya chloride.Mubyongeyeho, ibingana neza hamwe na microstructure idafite inenge itanga ihame ryimiterere no kurwanya ruswa.Nubwo imiti irwanya imiti, imibare yubushakashatsi muriki gikorwa yerekana ko 2707 HDSS idakingiwe rwose na Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm MICs.
Ibisubizo by'amashanyarazi byerekanaga ko igipimo cya ruswa ya 2707 HDSS mu muyoboro wa Pseudomonas aeruginosa cyiyongereye cyane nyuma yiminsi 14 ugereranije n’ibidukikije.Mu gishushanyo cya 2a, igabanuka rya Eocp ryagaragaye haba mu buryo bwa abiotic ndetse no mu muyoboro wa P. aeruginosa mu masaha 24 ya mbere.Nyuma yibyo, biofilm irangiza gutwikira hejuru yicyitegererezo kandi Eocp iba ihagaze neza.Nyamara, urwego rwa biotic Eocp rwari hejuru cyane kurwego rwa abiotic Eocp.Hariho impamvu zo kwizera ko iri tandukaniro rifitanye isano no gukora biofilm ya P. aeruginosa.Ku mutini.2g, icorr agaciro ka 2707 HDSS yageze kuri 0,627 µA cm-2 imbere ya Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ikaba ari gahunda yubunini burenze ubwo kugenzura ibinyabuzima (0.063 µA cm-2), bihuye na Rct agaciro gapimwe na EIS.Mu minsi mike ya mbere, indangagaciro zo kwangirika mu muhogo wa P. aeruginosa ziyongereye kubera guhuza ingirabuzimafatizo za P. aeruginosa no gukora biofilm.Ariko, impedance iragabanuka iyo biofilm itwikiriye neza icyitegererezo.Igice cyo gukingira cyibasiwe cyane cyane no gukora biofilm na metabolite ya biofilm.Kubwibyo, kurwanya ruswa bigabanuka mugihe, kandi kubitsa kwa Pseudomonas aeruginosa bitera kwangirika kwaho.Ibigenda mubidukikije bya abiotic biratandukanye.Kurwanya ruswa yo kurwanya ibinyabuzima byari hejuru cyane ugereranije nagaciro kangana nicyitegererezo cyerekanwe na pseudomonas aeruginosa.Mubyongeyeho, kuburugero rwa abiotic, agaciro ka Rct 2707 HDSS kageze kuri 489 kΩ cm2 kumunsi wa 14, kikaba cyikubye inshuro 15 ugereranije na Pseudomonas aeruginosa (32 kΩ cm2).Niyo mpamvu, 2707 HDSS ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa mu bidukikije, ariko ntabwo irinzwe na MIC yibasiwe na biofilm ya Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Ibisubizo birashobora kandi kugaragara uhereye kumurongo wa polarisiyasi.2b.Ishami rya Anodic rifitanye isano no gukora biofilm ya Pseudomonas aeruginosa hamwe na okiside yicyuma.Muri icyo gihe, cathodic reaction ni kugabanya ogisijeni.Kubaho kwa P. aeruginosa byongereye cyane ubwinshi bwa ruswa yangirika, byari hafi yubunini buri hejuru kuruta kugenzura abiotic.Ibi byerekanaga ko biofilm ya Pseudomonas aeruginosa yongereye ruswa ya 2707 HDSS.Yuan et al.29 basanze ubucucike bwa ruswa ya 70/30 Cu-Ni yongerewe na biofilm ya Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Ibi birashobora guterwa na biocatalyse yo kugabanya ogisijeni na biofilm ya Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Iyi ndorerezi irashobora kandi gusobanura MIC 2707 HDSS muriki gikorwa.Ibinyabuzima byo mu kirere birashobora kandi kugabanya umwuka wa ogisijeni munsi yabyo.Rero, kwanga gusubiza hejuru ibyuma hamwe na ogisijeni birashobora kuba ikintu kigira uruhare muri MIC muriki gikorwa.
Dickinson n'abandi.38 yatanze igitekerezo ko igipimo cy’imiti n’amashanyarazi biterwa n’igikorwa cya metabolike ya bagiteri zifatanije n’icyitegererezo ndetse n’imiterere y’ibicuruzwa byangirika.Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 5 nimbonerahamwe 5, umubare wutugingo nubunini bwa biofilm wagabanutse nyuma yiminsi 14.Ibi birashobora gusobanurwa neza nukuri ko nyuma yiminsi 14 ingirabuzimafatizo nyinshi zometse ku buso bwa 2707 HDSS zapfuye zatewe no kubura intungamubiri mu buryo bwa 2216E cyangwa kurekura ioni zifite uburozi ziva muri matrike ya 2707 HDSS.Iyi ni imbogamizi yubushakashatsi.
Muri iki gikorwa, biofilm ya Pseudomonas aeruginosa yateje imbere kugabanuka kwa Cr na Fe munsi ya biofilm hejuru ya 2707 HDSS (Ishusho 6).Imbonerahamwe 6, Fe na Cr byagabanutse muri sample D ugereranije nicyitegererezo C, byerekana ko iseswa rya Fe na Cr ryatewe na biofilm ya P. aeruginosa ryakomeje nyuma yiminsi 7 yambere.Ibidukikije 2216E bikoreshwa mu kwigana ibidukikije byo mu nyanja.Irimo 17700 ppm Cl-, igereranywa nibiri mu mazi yo mu nyanja.Kubaho 17700 ppm Cl- niyo mpamvu nyamukuru yo kugabanuka kwa Cr muminsi 7 niminsi 14 itari biologiya yasesenguwe na XPS.Ugereranije nicyitegererezo cyibizamini bya Pseudomonas aeruginosa, iseswa rya Cr murugero rwibizamini bya abiotic ni bike cyane kubera guhangana na 2707 HDSS ya chlorine mubidukikije.Ku mutini.9 yerekana ko hari Cr6 + muri firime ya passivating.Ibi birashobora kuba bifitanye isano no kuvana Cr hejuru yicyuma na biofilm ya P. aeruginosa, nkuko byasabwe na Chen na Clayton39.
Bitewe no gukura kwa bagiteri, indangagaciro za pH ziciriritse mbere na nyuma yubushakashatsi bwari 7.4 na 8.2.Rero, kwangirika kwa acide kama ntigishobora kugira uruhare muriyi mirimo munsi ya biofilm ya P. aeruginosa bitewe na pH iri hejuru cyane muburyo bwinshi.PH yuburyo butagenzura ibinyabuzima ntabwo bwahindutse cyane (kuva 7.4 yambere kugeza 7.5 yanyuma) mugihe cyiminsi 14 yikizamini.Ubwiyongere bwa pH muburyo bwa inoculum nyuma ya incububasi bwajyanye nigikorwa cyo guhinduranya kwa Pseudomonas aeruginosa, kandi ingaruka zimwe kuri pH zabonetse mugihe hatabayeho ikizamini.
Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo.7, ubujyakuzimu ntarengwa bwatewe na biofilm ya Pseudomonas aeruginosa yari 0,69 µm, ikaba nini cyane ugereranije no muri abiotic (0.02 µm).Ibi biremeranya namakuru yavuzwe haruguru yamashanyarazi.Mubihe bimwe, ubujyakuzimu bwa 0,69 µm burenze inshuro icumi kurenza agaciro ka 9.5 µm byagenwe kuri 2205 DSS40.Aya makuru yerekana ko 2707 HDSS yerekana guhangana neza na MIC kuruta 2205 DSS.Ntabwo bitangaje kuva 2707 HDSS ifite urwego rwisumbuye rwa Cr, rutanga passiyo ndende, bigatuma Pseudomonas aeruginosa igorana cyane, kandi igatangira inzira nta mvura yangiza ya Pitting41.
Mu gusoza, gutobora MIC byabonetse ku buso bwa 2707 HDSS mu muyoboro wa Pseudomonas aeruginosa, mu gihe gutobora byari bike mu bitangazamakuru bya abiotic.Aka kazi kerekana ko 2707 HDSS ifite imbaraga zo guhangana na MIC kuruta 2205 DSS, ariko ntabwo ikingira rwose MIC kubera biofilm ya Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Ibisubizo bifasha muguhitamo ibyuma bidafite ingese hamwe nigihe cyo kubaho kubidukikije byo mu nyanja.
Ingero 2707 HDSS zatanzwe nishuri rya Metallurgie, kaminuza y amajyaruguru yuburasirazuba (NEU), Shenyang, mubushinwa.Ibigize ibice 2707 HDSS bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 1, yasesenguwe n’ishami rishinzwe gusesengura no gupima ibikoresho bya kaminuza y’amajyaruguru y’iburasirazuba.Ingero zose zavuwe kugirango zibonerwe igisubizo kuri 1180 ° C kumasaha 1.Mbere yo gupima ruswa, 2707 HDSS igiceri cyibiceri gifite ubuso bugaragara bwa cm 1 cyashizwemo kugeza kuri 2000 grit hamwe na silicon karbide sandpaper hanyuma irusiga neza hamwe na 0.05 µm Al2O3 ifu.Impande no hepfo birinzwe hamwe n'irangi.Nyuma yo gukama, intangarugero zogejwe namazi ya sterile deionisale hanyuma zihindurwamo 75% (v / v) Ethanol kuri 0.5 h.Baca bahumeka umwuka munsi yumucyo ultraviolet (UV) kuri 0.5 h mbere yo kuyikoresha.
Marine strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa MCCC 1A00099 yaguzwe mu cyegeranyo cy’umuco wo mu nyanja cya Xiamen (MCCC), mu Bushinwa.Amazi yo mu nyanja 2216E (Qingdao Byiringiro Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Ubushinwa) yakoreshwaga mu muco Pseudomonas aeruginosa muri flasque 250 ml hamwe na ml 500 ya selile yamashanyarazi mu kirere kuri 37 ° C.Hagati irimo (g / l): 19.45 NaCl, 5.98 MgCl2, 3.24 Na2SO4, 1.8 CaCl2, 0.55 KCl, 0.16 Na2CO3, 0.08 KBr, 0.034 SrCl2, 0.08 SrBr2, 0.022 H3BO3, 0.004 NaSiO3, 0.008, 0.008 Na4F0H20PO.1.0 umusemburo ukuramo na citrate 0.1.Autoclave kuri 121 ° C muminota 20 mbere yo gutera.Ingirabuzimafatizo za sessile na planktonique zabazwe munsi ya microscope yoroheje ukoresheje hemocytometero kuri 400x yo gukuza.Intangiriro yibanze ya selile planktonic P. aeruginosa ako kanya nyuma yo guterwa yari selile 106 / mL.
Ibizamini by'amashanyarazi byakorewe mu ngirabuzimafatizo ya elegitoroniki itatu ya electrode ifite ubunini bwa ml 500.Urupapuro rwa platine hamwe na electrode yuzuye ya Calomel (SCE) byahujwe na reakteri binyuze muri capillary ya Luggin yuzuye ikiraro cyumunyu kandi ikora nka electrode yerekana.Gukora electrode ikora, insinga z'umuringa zometseho reberi zomekwaga kuri buri cyitegererezo hanyuma zigashyirwaho na epoxy, hasigara cm 1 z'ubuso bwubuso kuruhande rumwe kuri electrode ikora.Mu gupima amashanyarazi, ingero zashyizwe mu gipimo cya 2216E kandi zigashyirwa ku bushyuhe buri gihe (37 ° C) mu bwogero bw’amazi.OCP, LPR, EIS hamwe namakuru ashobora kuba afite imbaraga za polarisiyasi yapimwe hifashishijwe Autolab potentiostat (Reba 600TM, Gamry Instruments, Inc., USA).Ibizamini bya LPR byanditswe ku gipimo cya scan ya 0,125 mV s-1 mu ntera ya -5 na 5 mV na Eocp hamwe n’icyitegererezo cya 1 Hz.EIS yakorewe kuri Eocp ihagaze neza ikoresheje voltage ikoreshwa ya 5 mV hamwe na sinusoide hejuru yumurongo wa 0.01 kugeza 10,000 Hz.Mbere yo guhanagura, electrode yari muburyo bwumuzunguruko kugeza igihe ubushobozi bwo kwangirika bwubusa bwa 42 bwagerwaho.Hamwe na.Buri kizamini cyasubiwemo inshuro eshatu hamwe na Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Icyitegererezo cyo gusesengura ibyuma byakozwe mu buryo bwa mashini hamwe na 2000 grit itose ya SiC hanyuma igahanagurwa hamwe na 0.05 µm Al2O3 ifu ya poro yo kureba neza.Isesengura ryibyuma ryakozwe hakoreshejwe microscope optique.Icyitegererezo cyashizwemo 10 wt% potasiyumu hydroxide yumuti43.
Nyuma ya incububasi, oza inshuro 3 ukoresheje saline ya fosifate (PBS) (pH 7.4 ± 0.2) hanyuma ukosore hamwe na 2.5% (v / v) glutaraldehyde mumasaha 10 kugirango ukosore biofilm.Umwuma ukurikira hamwe na Ethanol mukurikirane (50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% na 100% kubijwi) mbere yo guhumeka ikirere.Hanyuma, firime ya zahabu yasutswe hejuru yicyitegererezo kugirango itange uburyo bwo kureba SEM44.Amashusho ya SEM yibanze kumwanya hamwe na selile ya P. aeruginosa igaragara hejuru ya buri sample.Isesengura rya EMF ryakozwe kugirango hamenyekane ibintu bya shimi.Kugirango bapime ubujyakuzimu, hakoreshejwe microscope ya Zeiss confocal laser scanning (CLSM) (LSM 710, Zeiss, Ubudage).Kugira ngo harebwe ibyobo byangirika munsi ya biofilm, icyitegererezo cy’ibizamini cyabanje kozwa hakurikijwe ibipimo ngenderwaho by’Ubushinwa (CNS) GB / T4334.4-2000 kugira ngo bikureho ibicuruzwa byangirika na biofilm hejuru y’icyitegererezo.
Ifoto ya X-ray yerekana amashanyarazi (XPS, ESCALAB250 Sisitemu yo Gusesengura Ubuso, Thermo VG, USA) isesengura ikoresheje X-ray yonyine (umurongo wa Al Kα ufite ingufu za 1500 eV nimbaraga za 150 W) muburyo butandukanye bwo guhuza imbaraga 0 munsi yuburyo busanzwe bwa –1350 eV.Andika ibintu bihanitse cyane ukoresheje 50 eV pass ingufu nubunini bwa 0.2 eV.
Kuraho icyitegererezo cya incubated hanyuma ukarabe witonze hamwe na PBS (pH 7.4 ± 0.2) kuri 15 s45.Kugirango turebe ubuzima bwa bagiteri ya biofilm kuri sample, biofilm yandujwe hakoreshejwe LIVE / DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability Kit (Invitrogen, Eugene, OR, USA).Igikoresho kirimo amarangi abiri ya fluorescent: SYTO-9 irangi ryicyatsi kibisi na propidium iodide (PI) irangi ritukura rya fluorescent.Muri CLSM, fluorescent icyatsi nicyatsi gitukura byerekana selile nzima kandi zapfuye.Kugirango ushireho, shyiramo ml 1 yuruvange rurimo 3 µl ya SYTO-9 na 3 µl yumuti wa PI mubushyuhe bwicyumba (23 ° C) mwumwijima muminota 20.Nyuma yibyo, ingero zanduye zagaragaye ku burebure bubiri (488 nm kuri selile nzima na 559 nm kuri selile zapfuye) hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bya Nikon CLSM (C2 Plus, Nikon, Ubuyapani).Gupima uburebure bwa biofilm muburyo bwa 3-D bwo gusikana.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-09-2023