Muri metallurgie, ibyuma bidafite ingese ni ibyuma bivangwa na chromium byibuze 10.5% hamwe nibindi bintu bivanga hamwe na karuboni ntarengwa ya 1.2% kubwinshi.Ibyuma bitagira umwanda, bizwi kandi nka inox ibyuma cyangwa inox biva mu gifaransa inoxydable (inoxidizable), niibyumaibyo bizwi cyane kubirwanya ruswa, byiyongera hamwe na chromium yiyongera.Kurwanya ruswa birashobora kandi kongererwa imbaraga na nikel na molybdenum.Kurwanya ibyo byuma bivanze ningaruka ziterwa na chimique yangiza rushingiye kuri passivation.Kugirango passivation ibeho kandi igume ihamye, Fe-Cr alloy igomba kuba ifite byibuze chromium yibiri hafi 10.5% kuburemere, hejuru ya passivitike ishobora kubaho kandi munsi ntibishoboka.Chromium irashobora gukoreshwa nkikintu gikomeye kandi ikoreshwa kenshi hamwe nikintu gikomeye nka nikel kugirango ikore ibintu byiza bya mehaniki.

Duplex Ibyuma

Nkuko izina ryabo ribigaragaza, Duplex ibyuma bitagira umuyonga ni ihuriro ryubwoko bubiri bwingenzi.Bafite microstructure ivanze ya austenite na ferrite, intego mubisanzwe ni ugukora 50/50 ivanze, nubwo, mubicuruzwa bivangwa nubucuruzi, igipimo gishobora kuba 40/60.Kurwanya kwangirika kwabo bisa na bagenzi babo ba austenitis, ariko kwihanganira kwangirika-kwangirika (cyane cyane kumashanyarazi ya chloride yamenetse), imbaraga zikaze, hamwe nimbaraga zitanga umusaruro (hafi inshuro ebyiri imbaraga zumusaruro wibyuma bitagira umuyonga) muri rusange biruta ibya austenitike. amanota.Muri duplex ibyuma bidafite ingese, karubone ibikwa kurwego rwo hasi cyane (C <0.03%).Ibirimo bya Chromium biva kuri 21.00 kugeza 26.00%, ibikomoka kuri nikel biva kuri 3.50 kugeza 8.00%, kandi ayo mavuta ashobora kuba arimo molybdenum (kugeza kuri 4.50%).Gukomera no guhindagurika muri rusange bigwa hagati yicyiciro cya austenitis na ferritic.Ibyiciro bya Duplex mubisanzwe bigabanyijemo amatsinda atatu ashingiye kubirwanya kwangirika kwabo: duplex yoroheje, duplex isanzwe, na superduplex.Ibyuma bya superduplex byongereye imbaraga no kurwanya uburyo bwose bwo kwangirika ugereranije nicyuma gisanzwe cya austenitis.Ibikoreshwa bisanzwe birimo inyanja, ibihingwa bya peteroli, ibihingwa byangiza, guhanahana ubushyuhe, ninganda zikora impapuro.Muri iki gihe, inganda za peteroli na gaze nizo zikoresha abantu benshi kandi zasunikishije amanota menshi arwanya ruswa, biganisha ku iterambere ry’ibyuma bya superduplex.

Kurwanya ibyuma bitagira umwanda ku ngaruka ziterwa n’imiti yangiza ibintu bishingiye kuri passivation.Kugirango passivation ibeho kandi igume ihamye, Fe-Cr alloy igomba kuba ifite byibuze chromium yibiri hafi 10.5% kuburemere, hejuru ya passivitike ishobora kubaho kandi munsi ntibishoboka.Chromium irashobora gukoreshwa nkikintu gikomeye kandi ikoreshwa kenshi hamwe nikintu gikomeye nka nikel kugirango ikore ibintu byiza bya mehaniki.

Duplex Ibyuma - SAF 2205 - 1.4462

Ibyuma bisanzwe bya duplex bitagira umuyonga ni SAF 2205 (ikirango cya Sandvik kiranga ikirango cya 22Cr duplex (ferritic-austenitic) ibyuma bitagira umuyonga), mubisanzwe birimo chromium 22% na nikel 5%.Ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa nimbaraga nyinshi, 2205 nicyuma gikoreshwa cyane duplex idafite ibyuma.Gusaba SAF 2205 biri mu nganda zikurikira:

• Gutwara, kubika, no gutunganya imiti
• Ibikoresho byo gutunganya
• Ibidukikije bya chloride hamwe ninyanja
• Ubushakashatsi bwa peteroli na gaze
• Imashini zimpapuro

Ibyiza bya Duplex Ibyuma

Ibikoresho bifatika nibintu byimbitse, bivuze ko bitigenga kubwinshi bwa misa kandi birashobora gutandukana ahantu hamwe muri sisitemu umwanya uwariwo wose.Ibikoresho siyanse ikubiyemo kwiga imiterere yibikoresho no kubihuza nimiterere yabyo (ubukanishi, amashanyarazi, nibindi).Umuhanga ibikoresho bimaze kumenya ibijyanye niyi miterere-yumutungo, barashobora gukomeza kwiga imikorere igereranije yibikoresho mubisabwa.Ibyingenzi byingenzi byerekana imiterere yibintu bityo imiterere yabyo nibintu bigize imiti nuburyo byatunganijwe muburyo bwanyuma.

Ibikoresho bya tekinike ya Duplex Ibyuma bitagira umuyonga

Ibikoresho byatoranijwe kenshi kubikorwa bitandukanye kuko bifite ibyifuzo bifatanye biranga imashini.Kubikorwa byubaka, ibintu bifatika nibyingenzi kandi injeniyeri agomba kubyitaho.

Imbaraga za Duplex Icyuma

Mubukanishi bwibikoresho ,.imbaraga z'ibikoreshonubushobozi bwayo bwo kwihanganira umutwaro washyizweho nta gutsindwa cyangwa guhindura plastike.Imbaraga zibikoresho zerekana isano iri hagati yimitwaro yo hanze ikoreshwa kubintu hamwe no guhindura ibintu cyangwa guhinduka mubipimo bifatika.Imbaraga z'ibikoresho nubushobozi bwayo bwo guhangana nu mutwaro washyizweho nta gutsindwa cyangwa guhindura plastike.

Imbaraga Zirenze

Imbaraga zidasanzwe za duplex idafite ibyuma - SAF 2205 ni 620 MPa.

Uwitekaimbaraga zidasanzweni ntarengwa kuri injeniyeriguhagarika umutima.Ibi bihuye nihungabana ntarengwa ryatewe nuburyo bwo guhagarika umutima.Imbaraga zihebuje akenshi zigabanywa “imbaraga zingana” cyangwa “ikirenga.”Niba iyi mihangayiko ishyizwe mubikorwa kandi igakomeza, kuvunika bizavamo.Akenshi, agaciro kayo karenze cyane guhangayikishwa numusaruro (hafi 50 kugeza 60% kurenza umusaruro kubwoko bumwebumwe bwibyuma).Iyo ibintu bihindagurika bigera ku mbaraga zayo zanyuma, bigira ijosi aho agace kambukiranya kagabanuka mukarere.Guhangayikisha-umurongo utarimo guhangayikishwa cyane kuruta imbaraga zidasanzwe.Nubwo guhindagurika bishobora gukomeza kwiyongera, guhangayika mubisanzwe bigabanuka nyuma yo kugera ku mbaraga zanyuma.Ni umutungo ukomeye;kubwibyo, agaciro kayo ntigaterwa nubunini bwikigereranyo.Ariko, biterwa nibindi bintu, nko gutegura icyitegererezo, kuba cyangwa ubundi buryo bwinenge zubuso, hamwe nubushyuhe bwibidukikije byapimwe nibikoresho.Ultimate tensile imbaraga ziratandukanye kuva 50 MPa kuri aluminium kugeza kuri MPa 3000 kuri ibyuma bikomeye cyane.

Gutanga Imbaraga

Imbaraga zibyuma bya duplex idafite ibyuma - SAF 2205 ni 440 MPa.

Uwitekaingingo yo gutanga umusaruroni ingingo kuri aguhagarika umutimaibyo byerekana imipaka yimyitwarire ya elastike nintangiriro yimyitwarire ya plastike.Gutanga imbaraga cyangwa gutanga umusaruro ni ibintu bifatika bisobanurwa nkibibazo bitangira guhinduka muburyo bwa plastiki.Ibinyuranye, ingingo yumusaruro niyo ngingo itangirira kumurongo udafite umurongo (elastike + plastike).Mbere yumusaruro, ibikoresho bizahinduka kuburyo budasubirwaho kandi bisubire kumiterere yabyo mugihe impagarara zikuweho.Ingingo yumusaruro imaze gutambuka, igice kimwe cyo guhindura ibintu kizahoraho kandi ntigisubira inyuma.Ibyuma bimwe nibindi bikoresho byerekana imyitwarire yitwa point point phenomenon.Imbaraga zitanga umusaruro ziratandukanye kuva kuri MPa 35 kuri aluminiyumu nkeya kugeza kuri MPa zirenga 1400 kubicyuma gikomeye.

Umusore Modulus ya Elastique

Umusore modulus ya elastique ya duplex idafite ibyuma - SAF 2205 ni 200 GPa.

Umusore modulus ya elastiqueni moderi ya elastike yo guhangayika no kwikomeretsa muburyo bwimikorere ya elastique yuburyo bwo guhinduka kwa uniaxial kandi mubisanzwe bisuzumwa nibizamini bya tensile.Kugeza kugabanya imihangayiko, umubiri uzashobora kugarura ibipimo byawo mugukuraho umutwaro.Imyitozo ikoreshwa itera atome muri kristu kwimuka kuva kuringaniza, hamwe na byoseatombimuwe ku kigero kimwe kandi bagumane isano ya geometrie.Iyo imihangayiko ikuweho, atome zose zisubira mumwanya wambere, kandi nta guhinduka guhoraho bibaho.UkurikijeAmategeko ya Hooke, imihangayiko iringaniza ningutu (mukarere ka elastique), naho ahahanamye ni Modulus ya Young.Modulus yumusore ingana na stress ndende igabanijwe ningutu.

Ubukomezi bwa Duplex Stainless Steel

Brinell ubukana bwa duplex idafite ibyuma - SAF 2205 ni MPa 217.

Mubikoresho bya siyansi,gukomeranubushobozi bwo kwihanganira hejuru yubuso (disformasiyo ya plastike yaho) no gushushanya.Gukomera birashoboka ko aribintu bidasobanuwe neza kuberako bishobora kwerekana ko birwanya gushushanya, gukuramo, kwinuba, cyangwa no kurwanya imiterere ya plastike.Gukomera ni ngombwa muburyo bwa injeniyeri kuko kurwanya kwambara haba guterana cyangwa isuri ukoresheje amavuta, amavuta, namazi muri rusange byiyongera hamwe nubukomere.

Ikizamini cya Brinellni kimwe mubizamini bya indentation bigoye byakozwe mugupima ubukana.Mu bizamini bya Brinell, indenter igoye, ihindagurika ihatirwa munsi yumutwaro runaka hejuru yicyuma kugirango ugerageze.Ikizamini gisanzwe gikoresha mm 10 (0.39 in) diameter yumupira wumupira wicyuma nkicyerekezo gifite kg 3.000 (29.42 kN; 6,614 lbf).Umutwaro ukomeza guhoraho mugihe cyagenwe (hagati ya 10 na 30 s).Kubikoresho byoroshye, imbaraga nto zikoreshwa;kubikoresho bikomeye, umupira wa karubide ya tungsten usimbuzwa umupira wibyuma.

Ikizamini gitanga ibisubizo byumubare kugirango ugereranye ubukana bwibintu, bigaragazwa numubare ukomeye wa Brinell - HB.Umubare ukomeye wa Brinell wagenwe nubushakashatsi bukoreshwa cyane (ASTM E10-14 [2] na ISO 6506–1: 2005) nka HBW (H kuva gukomera, B kuva Brinell, na W uhereye mubikoresho bya indenter, tungsten (wolfram) karbide).Mubipimo byambere, HB cyangwa HBS byakoreshwaga kugirango berekane ibipimo bikozwe mubyuma.

Umubare ukomeye wa Brinell (HB) ni umutwaro ugabanijwe nubuso bwa indentation.Diameter yibitekerezo bipimwa na microscope hamwe nubunini burenze.Umubare ukomeye wa Brinell ubarwa uhereye kuringaniza:

Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwikizamini mukoresha bisanzwe (urugero, Brinell,Knoop,Vickers, naRockwell).Hano hari imbonerahamwe iboneka ihuza imibare yubukomezi buva muburyo butandukanye bwikizamini aho isano ikoreshwa.Mu munzani yose, umubare munini wo gukomera ugereranya icyuma gikomeye.

Ibyiza byubushyuhe bwa Duplex Ibyuma

Imiterere yubushyuhe bwibikoresho bivuga igisubizo cyibikoresho kumahinduka yabyoubushyuhena i Porogaramuubushyuhe.Nkikintu gikomeyeingufumuburyo bwubushyuhe, ubushyuhe bwayo burazamuka, kandi ibipimo byiyongera.Ariko ibikoresho bitandukanye byitabira gukoresha ubushyuhe muburyo butandukanye.

Ubushyuhe,kwaguka k'ubushyuhe, naubushyuhe bwumurironi ngombwa cyane muburyo bukomeye bwo gukoresha.

Gushonga Ingingo ya Duplex Ibyuma

Gushonga icyuma cya duplex kitagira ibyuma - SAF 2205 ibyuma ni 1450 ° C.

Muri rusange, gushonga nicyiciro cyo guhindura ibintu kuva mubikomeye kugeza kumazi.Uwitekagushongay'ibintu ni ubushyuhe iyi ntera ihinduka.Ingingo yo gushonga nayo isobanura imiterere aho ibintu bikomeye nibisukari bishobora kubaho muburinganire.

Ubushyuhe bwa Ubushyuhe bwa Duplex Ibyuma

Amashanyarazi yumuriro wa duplex idafite ibyuma - SAF 2205 ni 19 W / (m. K).

Ubushyuhe bwo kohereza ibintu biranga ibintu byapimwe numutungo witwaubushyuhe bwumuriro, k (cyangwa λ), bipimye muri W / mK Ipima ubushobozi bwibintu byohereza ubushyuhe binyuze mubintu bykuyobora.Menya koAmategeko ya Fourierikoreshwa kubintu byose, utitaye kumiterere yayo (ikomeye, amazi, cyangwa gaze).Kubwibyo, bisobanuwe kandi kumazi na gaze.

Uwitekaubushyuhe bwumuriroy'amazi menshi hamwe n'ibikomeye biratandukana n'ubushyuhe, naho kubicanwa, nabyo biterwa numuvuduko.Muri rusange:

Ibikoresho byinshi ni kimwe, kubwibyo dushobora kwandika k = k (T).Ibisobanuro bisa bifitanye isano nubushyuhe bwumuriro muri y- na z-icyerekezo (ky, kz), ariko kubikoresho bya isotropique, ubushyuhe bwumuriro ntibigenga icyerekezo cyo kwimura, kx = ky = kz = k.