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Gufata karubone no kubika ni ngombwa kugirango ugere ku ntego z’amasezerano y'i Paris.Photosynthesis nubuhanga bwa kamere bwo gufata karubone.Twifashishije ibihumyo, twateje imbere 3D cyanobacteria fotosintezitike ya biocomposite (ni ukuvuga kwigana lichen) dukoresheje acrylic latex polymer ikoreshwa kuri sponge ya loofah.Igipimo cyo gufata CO2 na biocomposite cyari 1.57 ± 0.08 g CO2 g-1 ya biomass d-1.Igipimo cyo gufata gishingiye kuri biyomasi yumye mugitangira ubushakashatsi kandi ikubiyemo CO2 ikoreshwa muguhinga biomass kimwe na CO2 ikubiye mububiko nka karubone.Ibi bipimo byo gufata byikubye inshuro 14-20 kurenza ingamba zo kugenzura ibicuruzwa kandi birashoboka ko byapimwa kugirango bifate biomass 570 t CO2 t-1 kumwaka-1, bihwanye na hegitari 5.5-8.17 × 106 zikoreshwa mubutaka, bivanaho 8-12 GtCO2 CO2 ku mwaka.Ibinyuranye, bioenergy yishyamba hamwe no gufata karubone no kubika ni ha 0.4-1.2 × 109 ha.Biocomposite yagumye ikora ibyumweru 12 idafite intungamubiri cyangwa amazi, nyuma ubushakashatsi burangira.Muburyo bwa tekinoloji y’ikiremwamuntu mu rwego rwo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere, ibinyabuzima byakozwe na cyanobacterial biocomposite bifite ubushobozi bwo koherezwa mu buryo burambye kandi bunini kugira ngo CO2 ikurweho mu gihe bigabanya igihombo cy’amazi, intungamubiri n’ubutaka.
Imihindagurikire y’ibihe ni ikintu kibangamiye urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ku isi, urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ndetse n’abantu.Kugirango ugabanye ingaruka mbi zayo, harakenewe gahunda nini kandi nini nini ya decarburisation, kandi birumvikana ko hari uburyo bwo kuvanaho imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu kirere.Nubwo decarbonisation nziza y’amashanyarazi2,3, kuri ubu nta bisubizo by’ikoranabuhanga birambye mu rwego rwo kugabanya dioxyde de carbone yo mu kirere (CO2) 4, nubwo gufata gaze ya flux bigenda bitera imbere5.Aho kugirango habeho ibisubizo binini kandi bifatika, abantu bagomba kwitabaza injeniyeri karemano yo gufata karubone - ibinyabuzima bifotora (ibinyabuzima bifotora).Photosynthesis nubuhanga bwa karubone ikurikirana ya karubone, ariko ubushobozi bwayo bwo guhindura ubukire bwa antropogene ya karubone ku munzani wigihe kirashidikanywaho, enzymes zidakora neza, kandi ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukoresha kumunzani ukwiye burakemangwa.Inzira ishobora gufotora ni ugutera amashyamba, atema ibiti bya bioenergy hamwe no gufata karubone no kubika (BECCS) nk'ikoranabuhanga ritangiza imyuka ishobora gufasha kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere cya CO21.Ariko, kugirango intego yubushyuhe bwa Paris igere kuri 1.5 ° C ukoresheje BECCS nkuburyo nyamukuru busaba ha 0.4 kugeza 1,2 × 109, bihwanye na 25-75% byubutaka bwahinzwe kwisi6.Byongeye kandi, ukudashidikanya bifitanye isano n’ingaruka ziterwa n’ifumbire ya CO2 bitera kwibaza niba umusaruro rusange w’amashyamba ushobora kuba mwiza7.Niba dushaka kugera ku ntego z'ubushyuhe zashyizweho n'amasezerano y'i Paris, amasegonda 100 ya GtCO2 ya gaze ya parike (GGR) igomba kuvanwa mu kirere buri mwaka.Ishami ry’Ubushakashatsi n’udushya mu Bwongereza riherutse gutangaza ko ryatewe inkunga mu mishinga itanu ya GGR8 harimo imicungire y’ubutaka, kongera ikirere cy’ibitare, gutera ibiti, biochar n’ibihingwa byinshi kugira ngo bigaburire gahunda ya BECCS.Amafaranga yo gukuraho MtCO2 zirenga 130 mukirere kumwaka ni 10-100 US $ / tCO2, 0.2-8.1 MtCO2 kumwaka wo gusana ubutaka, 52-480 US $ / tCO2 na 12-27 MtCO2 kumwaka kugirango ikirere kibeho , 0.4-30 USD / umwaka.tCO2, 3.6 MtCO2 / yr, kwiyongera 1% mubuso bwamashyamba, 0.4-30 US $ / tCO2, 6-41 MtCO2 / yr, biochar, 140-270 US $ / tCO2, 20-70 Mt CO2 kumwaka kubihingwa bihoraho ukoresheje BECCS9.
Ihuriro ryubu buryo rishobora kugera kuri 130 Mt CO2 ku mwaka intego, ariko ibiciro byikirere cyikirere na BECCS ni byinshi, kandi biochar, nubwo ugereranije bihendutse kandi bidakoreshwa nubutaka, bisaba amatungo kugirango umusaruro wa biochar ukorwe.itanga iri terambere numubare wo gukoresha ubundi buhanga bwa GGR.
Aho gushakisha ibisubizo kubutaka, shakisha amazi, cyane cyane amafoto ya selile imwe nka microalgae na cyanobacteria10.Algae (harimo na cyanobacteria) ifata hafi 50% ya dioxyde de carbone ku isi, nubwo bingana na 1% gusa bya biyomasi yisi11.Cyanobacteria ni biogeoengineers yumwimerere ya kamere, ishyiraho urufatiro rwimikorere yubuhumekero nihindagurika ryubuzima bwimikorere myinshi binyuze mumafoto ya ogisijeni12.Igitekerezo cyo gukoresha cyanobacteria mu gufata karubone ntabwo ari shyashya, ariko uburyo bushya bwo gushyira umubiri bufungura inzira nshya kuri ibyo binyabuzima bya kera.
Gufungura ibyuzi hamwe na fotobioreactors numutungo udasanzwe mugihe ukoresheje microalgae na cyanobacteria mubikorwa byinganda.Sisitemu yumuco ikoresha umuco wo guhagarika aho selile zireremba mubwisanzure muburyo bwo gukura14;icyakora, ibyuzi hamwe na fotobioreactors bifite ibibi byinshi nko kwimura misa ya CO2 nabi, gukoresha cyane ubutaka namazi, kwibasirwa na biofouling, hamwe nubwubatsi bukomeye nibikorwa byo gukora 15.16.Ibinyabuzima bikoresha ibinyabuzima bidakoresha imico yo guhagarika bifite ubukungu mu bijyanye n’amazi n’umwanya, ariko bikaba byugarijwe no kwangirika kwangiza, bikunda kwibasirwa na biofilm (bityo bikabura biomass ikora), kandi bikunda guhura na biofouling17.
Harakenewe uburyo bushya bwo kongera umuvuduko wa CO2 no gukemura ibibazo bigabanya amashanyarazi na biofilm.Bumwe muri ubwo buryo ni biocomposite ya fotosintetike ihumekwa na lisansi.Ibinyamisogwe ni urusobe rw'ibihumyo na fotobionts (microalgae na / cyangwa cyanobacteria) bigera kuri 12% by'ubutaka bw'isi18.Ibihumyo bitanga ubufasha bwumubiri, kurinda, hamwe no gufunga insimburangingo ya fotobiotic, nayo igaha ibihumyo karubone (nkibicuruzwa birenze urugero bya fotosintetike).Igitekerezo cya biocomposite ni "lichen mimetic", aho abaturage bibanda cyane kuri cyanobacteria badahagarikwa muburyo bwa biocoating yoroheje kuri substrate yabatwara.Usibye selile, biocoating irimo polymer polymer ishobora gusimbuza fungus.Amazi ashingiye ku mazi cyangwa "latexes" arahitamo kubera ko ari biocompatable, iramba, ihendutse, yoroshye kuyikora kandi iraboneka mubucuruzi19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26.
Gutunganya selile hamwe na latex polymers bigira ingaruka cyane kubigize latex hamwe nuburyo bwo gukora film.Emulsion polymerisation ni inzira itandukanye ikoreshwa mugukora reberi ya sintetike, ibifuniko bifata neza, kashe, inyongeramusaruro ya beto, impapuro hamwe n imyenda, hamwe na latx irangi27.Ifite inyungu nyinshi kurenza ubundi buryo bwa polymerisiyonike, nkigipimo cyinshi cyo kwitabira no guhindura imikorere ya monomer, kimwe no koroshya kugenzura ibicuruzwa 27,28.Guhitamo monomers biterwa nibintu byifuzwa bya firime ya polymer yavuyemo, no kuri sisitemu ivanze ya monomer (urugero, copolymerizations), imiterere ya polymer irashobora guhinduka muguhitamo ibipimo bitandukanye bya monomers bigize ibikoresho bya polymer bivamo.Butyl acrylate na styrene biri mubintu bisanzwe bya acrylic latex monomers kandi bikoreshwa hano.Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho byo guhuriza hamwe (urugero Texanol) bikunze gukoreshwa mugutezimbere firime imwe aho ishobora guhindura imiterere ya polymer latex kugirango ikore igipfundikizo gikomeye kandi "gikomeza" (coescing).Mubushakashatsi bwambere bwibanze-bwigitekerezo, ubuso burebure, hejuru ya biocomposite ya 3D yuzuye yahimbwe hifashishijwe irangi ryubucuruzi rya latex ryakoreshejwe kuri sponge ya loofah.Nyuma yigihe kirekire kandi gihoraho (ibyumweru umunani), biocomposite yerekanye ubushobozi buke bwo kugumana cyanobacteria kumurongo wa loofah kuko imikurire ya selile yagabanije uburinganire bwimiterere ya latex.Mu bushakashatsi burimo, twari tugamije guteza imbere urukurikirane rwa acrylic latex polymers ya chimie izwi kugirango dukomeze gukoresha mubikoresho byo gufata karubone tutitangiye kwangirika kwa polymer.Mugukora ibyo, twerekanye ubushobozi bwo gukora lisheni isa na polymer matrix itanga imikorere myiza yibinyabuzima kandi byongera imbaraga za mashini ugereranije na biocomposite.Ibindi bizanozwa bizihutisha gufata biocomposite kugirango ifate karubone, cyane cyane iyo ihujwe na cyanobacteria yahinduwe muburyo bwo guhinduranya CO2.
Icyenda cyenda gifite polymer eshatu (H = “bikomeye”, N = “bisanzwe”, S = “yoroshye”) n'ubwoko butatu bwa Texanol (0, 4, 12% v / v) byapimwe uburozi no guhuza imbaraga.Ibifatika.kuva cyanobacteria ebyiri.Ubwoko bwa Latex bwagize ingaruka zikomeye kuri S. elongatus PCC 7942 (Ikizamini cya Shirer-Ray-Hare, latex: DF = 2, H = 23.157, P = <0.001) na CCAP 1479 / 1A (inzira ebyiri ANOVA, latex: DF = 2, F = 103.93, P = <0.001) (Ishusho 1a).Ubwinshi bwa texanol ntabwo bwagize ingaruka zikomeye ku mikurire ya S. elongatus PCC 7942, gusa N-latex ntabwo yari uburozi (Ishusho 1a), naho 0 N na 4 N byakomeje kwiyongera 26% na 35%, (Mann- Whitney U, 0 N v. kugenzura ibinyabuzima (Kaminuza ya Mann-Whitney, 12 N va kugenzura: W = 17.0, P = 0.885).Kuri S. elongatus CCAP 1479 / 1A, imvange ya latex hamwe na texanol yibanze byari ibintu byingenzi, kandi imikoranire igaragara yagaragaye hagati yabyo bombi (inzira ebyiri ANOVA, latex: DF = 2, F = 103.93, P = <0.001, Texanol : DF = 2, F = 5.96, P = 0.01, Latex * Texanol: DF = 4, F = 3.41, P = 0.03).0 N na latxes zose "zoroheje" zateje imbere gukura (Ishusho 1a).Hariho imyumvire yo kuzamura imikurire hamwe no kugabanuka kwa styrene.
Kwipimisha uburozi no gufatira kuri cyanobacteria (Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 na CCAP 1479 / 1A) kugeza kuri latx, isano nubushyuhe bwikirahure (Tg) hamwe na matrix yicyemezo ishingiye kuburozi no gufatira hamwe.(a) Kwipimisha uburozi byakozwe hakoreshejwe ibibanza bitandukanye byo gukura kwijanisha rya cyanobacteria isanzwe kugirango igenzure imico yo guhagarika.Ubuvuzi bwaranzwe na * buratandukanye cyane no kugenzura.(b) Amakuru yo gukura kwa Cyanobacteria na Tg latex (bivuze ± SD; n = 3).(c) Umubare wuzuye wa cyanobacteria wasohotse mu kizamini cya biocomposite.(d) Guhuza amakuru na Tg ya latex (bivuze ± StDev; n = 3).e Icyemezo cya matrix gishingiye kuburozi hamwe namakuru ya adhesion.Ikigereranyo cya styrene na butyl acrylate ni 1: 3 kuri “bigoye” (H) latex, 1: 1 kuri “bisanzwe” (N) na 3: 1 kuri “yoroshye” (S).Imibare ibanza muri kode ya latex ihuye nibiri muri Texanol.
Kenshi na kenshi, imbaraga za selile zagabanutse hamwe no kwiyongera kwa texanol, ariko nta sano rikomeye ryigeze rihinduka (CCAP 1479 / 1A: DF = 25, r = -0.208, P = 0.299; PCC 7942: DF = 25, r = - 0.127, P = 0.527).Ku mutini.1b yerekana isano iri hagati yo gukura kwingirabuzimafatizo nubushyuhe bwikirahure (Tg).Hariho isano ikomeye ikomeye hagati yibitekerezo bya texanol hamwe nagaciro ka Tg (H-latex: DF = 7, r = -0.989, P = <0.001; N-latex: DF = 7, r = -0.964, P = <0.001 ; S- latex: DF = 7, r = -0.946, P = <0.001).Amakuru yerekanaga ko Tg nziza yo gukura kwa S. elongatus PCC 7942 yari hafi 17 ° C (Ishusho 1b), mugihe S. elongatus CCAP 1479 / 1A yatoneshaga Tg munsi ya 0 ° C (Ishusho 1b).Gusa S. elongatus CCAP 1479 / 1A yari ifite isano ikomeye hagati ya Tg namakuru yuburozi (DF = 25, r = -0.857, P = <0.001).
Latxes zose zari zifitanye isano ryiza, kandi ntanumwe murimwe wasohoye selile zirenga 1% nyuma ya 72 h (Ishusho 1c).Nta tandukaniro rikomeye ryari hagati ya latexes yubwoko bubiri bwa S. elongatus (PCC 7942: Ikizamini cya Scheirer-Ray-Hara, Latex * Texanol, DF = 4, H = 0.903; P = 0.924; CCAP 1479 / 1A: Scheirer- Ikizamini cya Ray).- Hare ikizamini, latex * texanol, DF = 4, H = 3.277, P = 0.513).Mugihe ubunini bwa Texanol bwiyongera, selile nyinshi zirekurwa (Ishusho 1c).ugereranije na S. elongatus PCC 7942 (DF = 25, r = -0.660, P = <0.001) (Ishusho 1d).Byongeye kandi, nta sano y’imibare yari hagati ya Tg no gufatira hamwe kwingirangingo zombi (PCC 7942: DF = 25, r = 0.301, P = 0.127; CCAP 1479 / 1A: DF = 25, r = 0.287, P = 0.147).
Kuri ubwo buryo bwombi, polymers "ikomeye" latex polymers ntiyagize icyo ikora.Ibinyuranye, 4N na 12N bitwaye neza kurwanya S. elongatus PCC 7942, mugihe 4S na 12S bitwaye neza kurwanya CCAP 1479 / 1A (Igishusho 1e), nubwo bigaragara ko hari umwanya wo kurushaho kunoza matrike ya polymer.Izi polymers zakoreshejwe mugice cya kabiri cya net net CO2 yo gufata.
Photophysiology yakurikiranwe iminsi 7 ikoresheje selile zahagaritswe mumazi ya latex.Muri rusange, byombi igipimo cya fotosintezeza (PS) hamwe n’umusaruro ntarengwa wa PSII (Fv / Fm) ugabanuka uko ibihe bigenda bisimburana, ariko uku kugabanuka ntikuringaniye kandi imibare yamakuru ya PS yerekana igisubizo cya biphasic, byerekana igisubizo cyigice, nubwo kugarura igihe nyacyo ibikorwa bigufi bya PS (Ishusho 2a na 3b).Igisubizo cya biphasic Fv / Fm nticyagaragaye cyane (Ishusho 2b na 3b).
.Ikigereranyo cya styrene na butyl acrylate ni 1: 3 kuri “bigoye” (H) latex, 1: 1 kuri “bisanzwe” (N) na 3: 1 kuri “yoroshye” (S).Imibare ibanza muri kode ya latex ihuye nibiri muri Texanol.(bivuze iation gutandukana bisanzwe; n = 3).
.Ikigereranyo cya styrene na butyl acrylate ni 1: 3 kuri “bigoye” (H) latex, 1: 1 kuri “bisanzwe” (N) na 3: 1 kuri “yoroshye” (S).Imibare ibanza muri kode ya latex ihuye nibiri muri Texanol.(bivuze iation gutandukana bisanzwe; n = 3).
Kuri S. elongatus PCC 7942, guhimba kwa latex hamwe no kwibanda kwa Texanol ntabwo byagize ingaruka kuri PS mugihe (GLM, Latex * Texanol * Igihe, DF = 28, F = 1.49, P = 0.07), nubwo guhimba byari ikintu cyingenzi (GLM)., latex * igihe, DF = 14, F = 3.14, P = <0.001) (Ishusho 2a).Nta ngaruka zikomeye zatewe no kwibanda kwa Texanol mugihe (GLM, Texanol * igihe, DF = 14, F = 1.63, P = 0.078).Habayeho imikoranire igaragara kuri Fv / Fm (GLM, Latex * Texanol * Igihe, DF = 28, F = 4.54, P = <0.001).Imikoranire hagati ya formulaire ya latx hamwe na Texanol yibanze yagize ingaruka zikomeye kuri Fv / Fm (GLM, Latex * Texanol, DF = 4, F = 180.42, P = <0.001).Buri kintu cyose kigira ingaruka kuri Fv / Fm mugihe (GLM, Latex * Igihe, DF = 14, F = 9.91, P = <0.001 na Texanol * Igihe, DF = 14, F = 10.71, P = <0.001).Latex 12H yagumanye impuzandengo yo hasi ya PS na Fv / Fm (Ishusho 2b), byerekana ko iyi polymer ari uburozi.
PS ya S. elongatus CCAP 1479 / 1A yari itandukanye cyane (GLM, latex * Texanol * igihe, DF = 28, F = 2.75, P = <0.001), hamwe na latex yahimbye aho kwibanda kuri Texanol (GLM, Latex * igihe, DF = 14, F = 6.38, P = <0.001, GLM, Texanol * igihe, DF = 14, F = 1.26, P = 0.239).Polimeri "Yoroheje" 0S na 4S yagumanye urwego rwo hejuru rwimikorere ya PS kuruta guhagarika ihagarikwa (Mann-Whitney U, 0S na control, W = 686.0, P = 0.044, 4S na control, W = 713, P = 0.01) kandi ikomeza an yazamuye Fv./ Fm (Igishusho 3a) yerekana uburyo bwiza bwo gutwara abantu kuri Photosystem II.Kuri Fv / Fm indangagaciro za CCAP 1479 / 1A selile, habayeho itandukaniro rikomeye rya latex mugihe (GLM, Latex * Texanol * Igihe, DF = 28, F = 6.00, P = <0.001) (Ishusho 3b).).
Ku mutini.4 yerekana impuzandengo ya PS na Fv / Fm mugihe cyiminsi 7 nkigikorwa cyo gukura kwingirabuzimafatizo kuri buri kibazo.S. elongatus PCC 7942 ntabwo yari ifite ishusho isobanutse (Igishusho 4a na b), ariko, CCAP 1479 / 1A yerekanye isano ya parabolike hagati ya PS (Ishusho 4c) na Fv / Fm (Ishusho 4d) indangagaciro nku ibipimo bya styrene na butyl acrylate ikura nimpinduka.
Isano iri hagati yo gukura na Photophysiology ya Synechococcus longum kumyiteguro ya latex..Ikigereranyo cya styrene na butyl acrylate ni 1: 3 kuri “bigoye” (H) latex, 1: 1 kuri “bisanzwe” (N) na 3: 1 kuri “yoroshye” (S).Imibare ibanza muri kode ya latex ihuye nibiri muri Texanol.(bivuze iation gutandukana bisanzwe; n = 3).
Biocomposite PCC 7942 yagize ingaruka nke mu kugumana ingirabuzimafatizo hamwe n’ingirabuzimafatizo zikomeye mu byumweru bine byambere (Ishusho 5).Nyuma yicyiciro cyambere cyo gufata CO2, selile zashyizwe hamwe na 12 N latex zatangiye kurekura CO2, kandi ubu buryo bwakomeje hagati yiminsi 4 na 14 (Ishusho 5b).Aya makuru ajyanye no kureba ibara rya pigment.Net CO2 yongeye gutangira guhera kumunsi wa 18. Nubwo hasohotse selile (Igicapo 5a), PCC 7942 12 N biocomposite iracyakusanya CO2 nyinshi kurenza ihagarikwa ryigenzura muminsi 28, nubwo byoroheje (Mann-Whitney U-test, W = 2275.5; P = 0.066).Igipimo cyo kwinjiza CO2 na latex 12 N na 4 N ni 0.51 ± 0.34 na 1.18 ± 0.29 g CO2 g-1 ya biomass d-1.Hariho itandukaniro rinini rigaragara hagati yubuvuzi nurwego (Ikizamini cya Chairer-Ray-Hare, kuvura: DF = 2, H = 70.62, P = <0.001 igihe: DF = 13, H = 23.63, P = 0.034), ariko ntabwo yari.hari isano ikomeye hagati yo kuvurwa nigihe (Ikizamini cya Chairer-Ray-Har, igihe * kuvura: DF = 26, H = 8.70, P = 0.999).
Igice cya kabiri cya CO2 gufata ibizamini kuri Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 biocomposite ukoresheje 4N na 12N latex.(a) Amashusho yerekana irekurwa rya selile hamwe n’ibara rya pigment, kimwe na SEM amashusho ya biocomposite mbere na nyuma yo kwipimisha.Imirongo yerekana utudomo yera yerekana ibibanza byoherejwe na selile kuri biocomposite.(b) Gukusanya net CO2 gufata mugihe cyibyumweru bine.“Bisanzwe” (N) latex ifite igipimo cya styrene na butyl acrylate ya 1: 1.Imibare ibanza muri kode ya latex ihuye nibiri muri Texanol.(bivuze iation gutandukana bisanzwe; n = 3).
Kugumana ingirabuzimafatizo byatejwe imbere cyane kuri CCAP 1479 / 1A hamwe na 4S na 12S, nubwo pigment yahinduye ibara buhoro buhoro mugihe (Ishusho 6a).Biocomposite CCAP 1479 / 1A ikurura CO2 muminsi 84 yuzuye (ibyumweru 12) nta nyongeramusaruro.Isesengura rya SEM (Igishusho 6a) ryemeje kwitegereza kureba amashusho mato mato.Mu ikubitiro, ingirabuzimafatizo zari zifunze muri latx yatwaraga ubusugire bwayo nubwo imikurire ikura.Igipimo cya CO2 cyari hejuru cyane ugereranije nitsinda rishinzwe kugenzura (Ikizamini cya Scheirer-Ray-Har, kuvura: DF = 2; H = 240.59; P = <0.001, igihe: DF = 42; H = 112; P = <0.001) ( Igishushanyo 6b).12S biocomposite yageze kuri CO2 nyinshi (1.57 ± 0.08 g CO2 g-1 biomass kumunsi), mugihe 4S latex yari 1.13 ± 0.41 g CO2 g-1 biomass kumunsi, ariko ntibatandukanye cyane (Mann-Whitney U . ikizamini, W = 1507.50; P = 0.07) kandi nta mikoranire ihambaye iri hagati yo kuvurwa nigihe (Ikizamini cya Shirer-Rey-Hara, igihe * cyo kuvura: DF = 82; H = 10 .37; P = 1.000).
Igice cya kabiri cya CO2 kwipimisha ukoresheje Synechococcus elongatus CCAP 1479 / 1A biocomposite hamwe na 4N na 12N latex.(a) Amashusho yerekana irekurwa rya selile hamwe n’ibara rya pigment, kimwe na SEM amashusho ya biocomposite mbere na nyuma yo kwipimisha.Imirongo yerekana utudomo yera yerekana ibibanza byoherejwe na selile kuri biocomposite.(b) Gukusanya net CO2 gufata mugihe cyibyumweru cumi na bibiri.“Yoroheje” (S) latex ifite igipimo cya styrene na butyl acrylate ya 1: 1.Imibare ibanza muri kode ya latex ihuye nibiri muri Texanol.(bivuze iation gutandukana bisanzwe; n = 3).
S. elongatus PCC 7942 (Ikizamini cya Shirer-Ray-Har, igihe * kuvura: DF = 4, H = 3.243, P = 0.518) cyangwa biocomposite S. elongatus CCAP 1479 / 1A (bibiri-ANOVA, igihe * kuvura: DF = 8 , F = 1.79, P = 0.119) (Ishusho S4).Biocomposite PCC 7942 yari ifite karubone nziza cyane mucyumweru cya 2 (4 N = 59.4 ± 22.5 wt%, 12 N = 67.9 ± 3.3 wt%), mugihe ihagarikwa ryigenzura ryarimo karubone nziza cyane mucyumweru cya 4 mugihe (kugenzura = 59,6 ± 2.84% w / w).Carbohydrate yuzuye muri CCAP 1479 / 1A biocomposite yagereranijwe no guhagarika igenzura usibye gutangira urubanza, hamwe nimpinduka zimwe na zimwe za 12S latex mucyumweru 4. Indangagaciro zo hejuru kuri biocomposite zari 51.9 ± 9,6 wt% kuri 4S na 77.1 ± 17.0 wt% kuri 12S.
Twiyemeje kwerekana uburyo bushoboka bwo kuzamura ubusugire bwimiterere ya firime yoroheje ya latx polymer yatwikiriye nkigice cyingenzi cyigitekerezo cya lichen mimic biocomposite tutitanze biocompatibilité cyangwa imikorere.Mubyukuri, niba ibibazo byuburyo bujyanye no gukura kwakagari byatsinzwe, turateganya kunoza imikorere igaragara hejuru ya biocomposite yacu igerageza, isanzwe igereranywa nizindi sisitemu ya cyanobacteria na sisitemu yo gufata karubone ya microalgae.
Ipitingi igomba kuba idafite uburozi, iramba, ishyigikira ingirabuzimafatizo ndende, kandi igomba kuba nziza kugirango iteze imbere CO2 ikwirakwizwa neza na O2 itesha agaciro.Latex yo mu bwoko bwa acrylic polymers iroroshye kuyitegura kandi ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byo gusiga amarangi, imyenda, hamwe ninganda 30.Twahujije cyanobacteria hamwe n’amazi ashingiye kuri acrylic latex polymer emulsion polymerized hamwe nigipimo cyihariye cya styrene / butyl acrylate nuduce twinshi twa Texanol.Styrene na butyl acrylate byatoranijwe kugirango bishobore kugenzura imiterere yumubiri, cyane cyane elastique na coescence ikora neza yikingirizo (ingenzi kubitwikiriye bikomeye kandi bifatanye cyane), bituma habaho synthesis ya "bigoye" na "yoroshye".Uburozi bwerekana ko "bigoye" latex ifite ibintu byinshi bya styrene ntabwo bifasha kubaho cyanobacteria.Bitandukanye na butyl acrylate, styrene ifatwa nkuburozi kuri algae 32,33.Ubwoko bwa Cyanobacteria bwakiriye muburyo butandukanye na latex, kandi ubushyuhe bwiza bwikirahure (Tg) bwagenwe kuri S. elongatus PCC 7942, mugihe S. elongatus CCAP 1479 / 1A yerekanaga umubano mubi na Tg.
Ubushyuhe bwo kumisha bugira ingaruka kubushobozi bwo gukora firime ikomeza ya latex.Niba ubushyuhe bwumye buri munsi yubushyuhe bwa Firime Ntarengwa (MFFT), ibice bya polymer latex ntibishobora guhuriza hamwe, bikavamo gufatana gusa kuri interineti.Filime zavuyemo zifite imbaraga zidafatika hamwe nubukanishi kandi zishobora no kuba muburyo bwifu29.MFFT ifitanye isano ya hafi na Tg, ishobora kugenzurwa na monomer hamwe no kongeramo amakara nka Texanol.Tg igena byinshi mubintu bifatika bifatika bivamo, bishobora kuba muri rubberi cyangwa ibirahuri34.Ukurikije igereranyo cya Flory-Fox35, Tg biterwa n'ubwoko bwa monomer hamwe ugereranije nijanisha.Kwiyongera kwa coescente birashobora kugabanya MFFT muguhagarika rimwe na rimwe Tg ya latx ya latx, ituma habaho gukora firime mubushyuhe buke, ariko igakomeza gukora igipfundikizo gikomeye kandi gikomeye kuko coescent ihinduka buhoro buhoro mugihe cyangwa yakuweho 36.
Kongera umurego wa Texanol biteza imbere gukora firime mu koroshya uduce twa polymer (kugabanya Tg) bitewe no kwinjizwa nuduce duto mugihe cyumye, bityo bikongerera imbaraga za firime ifatanye hamwe no gufatira hamwe.Kubera ko biocomposite yumishijwe ku bushyuhe bw’ibidukikije (~ 18–20 ° C), Tg (30 kugeza 55 ° C) ya latx ya "hard" iri hejuru yubushyuhe bwumye, bivuze ko guhuza ibice bishobora kutaba byiza, bikavamo Filime B ikomeza kuba vitreous, imashini idahwitse hamwe na adhesifike, elastique igarukira hamwe na diffusivite30 amaherezo itera gutakaza selile nyinshi.Imiterere ya firime kuva "bisanzwe" na "yoroshye" polymers iboneka kuri cyangwa munsi ya Tg ya firime ya polymer, kandi imiterere ya firime itezimbere hamwe na coescence yatezimbere, bikavamo firime zihoraho za polymer zifite imiterere yubukanishi, guhuza, hamwe no gufatira hamwe.Filime yavuyemo izakomeza kuba rubberi mugihe cyo gufata CO2 bitewe na Tg yayo iri hafi (kuvanga "bisanzwe": 12 kugeza 20 ºC) cyangwa munsi cyane ("yoroshye": -21 kugeza -13 ° C) kugeza ubushyuhe bwibidukikije 30.“Ikomeye” latex (3,4 kugeza kuri 2,9 kgf mm - 1) irakubye inshuro eshatu kurenza “bisanzwe” (1.0 kugeza 0,9 kgf mm - 1).Ubukomere bwa latxes "yoroshye" ntibishobora gupimwa na microhardness bitewe nubushuhe bukabije no gukomera kubushyuhe bwicyumba.Kwishyurwa hejuru birashobora kandi kugira ingaruka kuri adhesion, ariko harakenewe amakuru menshi kugirango utange amakuru yingirakamaro.Nyamara, latexes zose zagumanye neza selile, zisohora munsi ya 1%.
Umusaruro wa fotosintezeza ugabanuka mugihe runaka.Guhura na polystirene biganisha ku guhungabana kwa membrane no guhagarika umutima 38,39,40,41.Indangagaciro za Fv / Fm za S. elongatus CCAP 1479 / 1A zagaragaye kuri 0S na 4S zari hejuru yikubye kabiri ugereranije no kugenzura ihagarikwa, ibyo bikaba bihuza neza nigipimo cya CO2 cyo gufata 4S biocomposite, kimwe na munsi bisobanura indangagaciro za PS.indangagaciro.Indangagaciro za Fv / Fm zerekana ko ubwikorezi bwa elegitoronike muri PSII bushobora gutanga fotone nyinshi42, zishobora kuvamo igipimo cyinshi cya CO2.Ariko, twakagombye kumenya ko amakuru ya fotofisiyolojiya yabonetse mu ngirabuzimafatizo zahagaritswe mu bisubizo by’amazi ya latex kandi ntibishobora kugereranywa na biocomposite ikuze.
Niba latex itera inzitizi kumucyo na / cyangwa gazi bivamo urumuri na CO2 kubuza, birashobora gutera guhangayika no kugabanya imikorere, kandi niba bigira ingaruka kumasohoro ya O2, Photorespiration39.Ihererekanyabubasha ry’imyenda yakize ryarasuzumwe: “bigoye” latex yerekanaga igabanuka rito ryogukwirakwiza urumuri hagati ya 440 na 480 nm (byatejwe imbere igice cyongera ubunini bwa Texanol kubera guhuza firime), mugihe “byoroshye” na “bisanzwe ”Latx yerekanye igabanuka rito mu kohereza urumuri.yerekana ko nta gihombo kigaragara cy'igihombo.Ubushakashatsi, kimwe nubushakashatsi bwose, bwakorewe ku mucyo muke (30.5 µmol m-2 s-1), bityo imirasire iyo ari yo yose ifotora ifotora bitewe na matrix ya polymer izishyurwa kandi ishobora no kuba ingirakamaro mu gukumira ifoto.kwangiza ubukana bwurumuri.
Biocomposite CCAP 1479 / 1A yakoze mugihe cyiminsi 84 yo kwipimisha, nta guhinduranya intungamubiri cyangwa gutakaza cyane biomass, niyo ntego nyamukuru yubushakashatsi.Kwimura ingirabuzimafatizo bishobora kuba bifitanye isano na chlorose mugusubiza inzara ya azote kugirango umuntu abeho igihe kirekire (reta iruhuka), ishobora gufasha ingirabuzimafatizo kongera gukura nyuma yo gukusanya azote ihagije.Amashusho ya SEM yemeje ko selile zagumye imbere muri kote nubwo zigabanijwe, zigaragaza ubuhanga bwa latx "yoroshye" bityo bikerekana inyungu igaragara kurenza verisiyo yubushakashatsi.“Soft” latex irimo 70% ya butyl acrylate (kuburemere), ikaba iri hejuru cyane yibitekerezo byavuzwe kugirango ibishishwa byoroshye nyuma yo gukama44.
Umubare wa CO2 wari hejuru cyane ugereranije nu guhagarika kugenzura (inshuro 14-20 na 3-8 hejuru ya S. elongatus CCAP 1479 / 1A na PCC 7942).Mbere, twakoresheje uburyo bwa CO2 bwo kwimura misa kugirango twerekane ko umushoferi nyamukuru wokoresha CO2 mwinshi ari igipimo gikaze cya CO2 cyibanze hejuru ya biocomposite31 kandi ko imikorere ya biocomposite ishobora kugarukira mukurwanya kwimura abantu benshi.Iki kibazo kirashobora kuneshwa no kwinjiza ibintu bidafite uburozi, bidakora firime muri latex kugirango byongere ububobere nubushobozi bwa coating26, ariko kugumana selile birashobora guhungabana kuko ingamba byanze bikunze bizavamo firime idakomeye20.Ibigize imiti birashobora guhinduka mugihe cya polymerisiyasi kugirango byongere ubukana, aribwo buryo bwiza cyane cyane mubijyanye n’umusaruro w’inganda n’ubunini45.
Imikorere ya biocomposite nshya ugereranije nubushakashatsi buherutse gukoresha biocomposite ikomoka kuri microalgae na cyanobacteria yerekanaga ibyiza muguhindura igipimo cyo gupakira ingirabuzimafatizo (Imbonerahamwe 1) 21,46 kandi hamwe nigihe kirekire cyo gusesengura (iminsi 84 ugereranije namasaha 1546 nibyumweru 321).
Umubare wa karubone ya hydroxyde mu ngirabuzimafatizo ugereranije neza n’ubundi bushakashatsi 47,48,49,50 ukoresheje cyanobacteria kandi ikoreshwa nkigipimo gishobora guterwa no gufata karuboni no gukoresha / kugarura ibintu, nko mubikorwa bya fermentation ya BECCS 49,51 cyangwa kubyara biodegradable bioplastique 52.Mu rwego rwo gushyira mu gaciro ubu bushakashatsi, twibwira ko gutera amashyamba, ndetse bifatwa no mu gitekerezo cya BECCS cyangiza imyuka ihumanya ikirere, ntabwo ari umuti w’imihindagurikire y’ikirere kandi ukoresha umugabane uteye ubwoba ku butaka bwo guhinga ku isi6.Nkubushakashatsi bwatekerejweho, byagereranijwe ko hagati ya 640 na 950 GtCO2 igomba gukurwa mu kirere bitarenze 2100 kugirango ubushyuhe bw’isi bugere kuri 1.5 ° C53 (hafi 8 kugeza 12 GtCO2 ku mwaka).Kubigeraho hamwe na biocomposite ikora neza (574.08 ± 30.19 t CO2 t-1 biomass kumwaka-1) bisaba kwaguka kwijwi kuva 5.5 × 1010 kugeza 8.2 × 1010 m3 (hamwe nubushakashatsi bugereranywa na fotosintetike), burimo litiro 196 kugeza kuri miliyari 2.92 za litiro polymer.Dufashe ko m3 1 ya biocomposite ifata m2 yubutaka bwubutaka, ubuso busabwa kugirango buri mwaka intego rusange ya CO2 izaba iri hagati ya hegitari miliyoni 5.5 na 8.17, bingana na 0.18-0.27% bikwiranye nubuzima bwubutaka mubutaka tropike, no kugabanya ubuso bwubutaka.gukenera BECCS kuri 98-99%.Twabibutsa ko igipimo cyo gufata neza gishingiye ku kwinjiza CO2 byanditswe mu mucyo muto.Iyo biocomposite ikimara guhura n’umucyo karemano mwinshi, umuvuduko wo gufata CO2 uriyongera, bikagabanya ibyifuzo byubutaka kandi bikagabanya umunzani ugana ku gitekerezo cya biocomposite.Ariko, ishyirwa mubikorwa rigomba kuba kuri ecatori kugirango uhore urumuri rwinyuma nigihe kirekire.
Ingaruka ku isi yose y’ifumbire ya CO2, ni ukuvuga kwiyongera k'umusaruro w’ibimera biterwa no kwiyongera kwa CO2, byagabanutse ku bice byinshi by’ubutaka, ahari bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’intungamubiri z’ubutaka (N na P) n’umutungo w’amazi7.Ibi bivuze ko fotosintezeza yo ku isi idashobora gutuma habaho kwiyongera kwa CO2, nubwo CO2 yazamutse cyane mu kirere.Ni muri urwo rwego, ingamba zo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere zishingiye ku butaka nka BECCS ntizishobora gutsinda.Niba ibi bintu byisi byemejwe, biocomposite yacu yatewe na lisheni ishobora kuba umutungo wingenzi, ihindura mikorobe imwe yo mu mazi yo mu mazi ya fotosintetike yo mu mazi igahinduka “ubutaka.”Ibimera byinshi byo ku isi bikosora CO2 binyuze muri C3 fotosintezeza, mugihe ibihingwa C4 bifasha cyane ahantu hashyushye, humye kandi bikora neza kumuvuduko mwinshi wa CO254.Cyanobacteria itanga ubundi buryo bushobora guhagarika ubuhanuzi buteye ubwoba bwo kugabanuka kwa karuboni ya dioxyde de carbone mu bimera C3.Cyanobacteria yatsinze imbogamizi zifotora hifashishijwe uburyo bunoze bwo gutunganya karubone aho ingufu nyinshi za CO2 zigaragazwa kandi zikabungabungwa na ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase / ogisijene (RuBisCo) muri carboxysomes hirya no hino.Niba umusaruro wa biocomposite ya cyanobacterial ushobora kwiyongera, iyi ishobora kuba intwaro ikomeye kubantu mu kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Biocomposite (mimics lichen) itanga inyungu zisobanutse kurenza imico isanzwe ya microalgae na cyanobacteria ihagarika umuco, itanga igipimo cyinshi cyo gufata CO2, kugabanya ingaruka z’umwanda, no gusezerana guhangana na CO2.Ibiciro bigabanya cyane imikoreshereze yubutaka, amazi nintungamubiri56.Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana ko bishoboka guteza imbere no gukora biocompatible latex ikora cyane, iyo ihujwe na sponge ya loofah nkumukandida w’abakandida, ishobora gutanga CO2 ikora neza kandi ikora neza mu gihe cy’amezi yo kubagwa mu gihe igihombo cy’akagari kiba gito.Biocomposite irashobora gufata mu buryo bw'igitekerezo hafi 570 t CO2 t-1 ya biyomass ku mwaka kandi irashobora kwerekana ko ari ingenzi kuruta ingamba zo gutera amashyamba ya BECCS mu guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.Hamwe nogutezimbere ibice bya polymer, kugerageza kumurabyo mwinshi, kandi bigahuzwa nubuhanga bukomeye bwa metabolike, biogeoengineers yumwimerere irashobora kongera gutabara.
Polimeri ya Acrylic latex yateguwe hifashishijwe imvange ya styrene monomers, butyl acrylate na acide acrylic, hanyuma pH ihindurwa kuri 7 hamwe na hydroxide ya sodium ya 0.1 M (imbonerahamwe 2).Styrene na butyl acrylate bigize igice kinini cyiminyururu ya polymer, mugihe acide acrylic ifasha kugumisha uduce twa latex guhagarikwa57.Imiterere yimiterere ya latex igenwa nubushyuhe bwikirahure (Tg), bugenzurwa no guhindura igipimo cya styrene na butyl acrylate, gitanga ibintu "bikomeye" na "byoroshye", 58.Ubwoko bwa acrylic latex polymer ni 50:50 styrene: butyl acrylate 30, kubwubu bushakashatsi rero latex hamwe niki kigereranyo cyiswe “bisanzwe” latex, naho latex ifite stirene nyinshi yavuzwe nka latex ifite ibintu bike bya styrene. .bita "yoroshye" nka "bikomeye".
Emuliyoni y'ibanze yateguwe hifashishijwe amazi yatoboye (174 g), sodium bicarbonate (0,5 g) na Rhodapex Ab / 20 surfactant (30.92 g) (Solvay) kugirango ihagarike ibitonyanga 30 bya monomer.Ukoresheje siringi yikirahure (Science Glass Engineering) hamwe na pompe ya syringe, aliquot ya kabiri irimo styrene, butyl acrylate na acrylic acide iri mu mbonerahamwe ya 2 yongewemo ibitonyanga ku gipimo cya ml 100 h-1 kuri emulisiyo yambere mu masaha 4 (Cole -Palmer, Umusozi Vernon, Illinois).Tegura igisubizo cyatangije polymerisation 59 ukoresheje dHO na ammonium persulfate (ml 100, 3% w / w).
Koresha igisubizo kirimo dHO (206 g), sodium bicarbonate (1 g) na Rhodapex Ab / 20 (4.42 g) ukoresheje stirrer yo hejuru (Heidolph Hei-TORQUE agaciro 100) hamwe nicyuma cyangiza kandi ubushyuhe bugera kuri 82 ° C muri a amazi yapakiye amazi muri VWR Scientific 1137P ubwogero bwamazi ashyushye.Kugabanya uburemere bwibisubizo bya monomer (28.21 g) nuwatangije (20,60 g) byongewemo bitonyanga mubwato bwa jacketi hanyuma bikangurwa muminota 20.Kuvanga cyane monomer isigaye (ml 150 h-1) hamwe nuwatangije (27 ml h-1) ibisubizo kugirango uduce duto duhagarike kugeza igihe byongewe kumajeti yamazi hejuru ya 5 h ukoresheje siringi ya ml 10 na ml 100 mukibindi. .byuzuye hamwe na pompe ya syringe.Umuvuduko wa stirrer wariyongereye kubera kwiyongera k'ubunini kugirango ugumane neza.Nyuma yo kongeramo uwatangije na emulsiyo, ubushyuhe bwa reaction bwazamutse bugera kuri 85 ° C, bikurura neza kuri 450 rpm muminota 30, hanyuma bikonja kugeza kuri 65 ° C.Nyuma yo gukonjesha, ibisubizo bibiri byo kwimura byongewe kuri latex: tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) (70% mumazi) (5 g, 14% kuburemere) na aside isoascorbic (5 g, 10% kuburemere)..Ongeramo t-BHP igitonyanga hanyuma ugende muminota 20.Acide Erythorbic yongeye kongerwaho ku gipimo cya ml 4 / h uhereye kuri ml 10 ya siringi ukoresheje pompe ya syringe.Umuti wa latex waje gukonjeshwa ubushyuhe bwicyumba hanyuma uhindurwa kuri pH 7 hamwe na hydroxide ya sodium 0.1M.
2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate (Texanol) - ubumara buke bwa biodegradable coalescent kubirangi bya latex 37,60 - byongewemo siringi na pompe mubice bitatu (0, 4, 12% v / v) nka coescing agent ya latex ivanze kugirango yorohereze firime mugihe cyumye37.Ijanisha rya latex ryagenwe mugushira 100 µl ya buri polymer mumapapira ya aluminiyumu yapimwe mbere hanyuma akuma mu ziko kuri 100 ° C mumasaha 24.
Kugira ngo urumuri rwinshi, buri mvange ya latex yashyizwe kumurongo wa microscope ukoresheje cube itagira ibyuma itagira cube ya Calibibre kugirango ikore firime 100 µm hanyuma yumishwa kuri 20 ° C mumasaha 48.Ikwirakwizwa ryumucyo (ryibanze kumirasire ikora ya fotosintetike, λ 400-700 nm) ryapimwe kuri ILT950 SpectriLight spectroradiometer hamwe na sensor iri hagati ya cm 35 uvuye kumatara 30 W fluorescent (Sylvania Luxline Plus, n = 6) - aho urumuri Inkomoko yari cyanobacteria nibinyabuzima Ibikoresho byose bibitswe.Porogaramu ya SpectrILight III verisiyo ya 3.5 yakoreshejwe mu gufata urumuri no kohereza mu ntera ya 400-700 nm61.Ibyitegererezo byose byashyizwe hejuru ya sensor, kandi ibirahuri bidafite ibirahuri byakoreshejwe nkigenzura.
Urugero rwa Latex rwongewe kumasahani yo guteka ya silicone hanyuma yemererwa kumara amasaha 24 mbere yo gupimwa gukomera.Shira icyitegererezo cya latx yumye kumutwe wicyuma munsi ya microscope ya x10.Nyuma yo kwibanda, ingero zasuzumwe kuri Buehler Micromet II yipimisha microhardness.Icyitegererezo cyakorewe imbaraga za garama 100 kugeza 200 kandi igihe cyo gupakira cyashyizwe kumasegonda 7 kugirango habeho dent ya diyama murugero.Icapiro ryasesenguwe hakoreshejwe Bruker Alicona × 10 intego ya microscope hamwe na software yo gupima imiterere.Inzira ya Vickers ikomeye (Ikigereranyo cya 1) yakoreshejwe mukubara ubukana bwa buri latex, aho HV numubare wa Vickers, F nimbaraga zikoreshwa, naho d ni impuzandengo ya diagonal indente ibarwa uhereye muburebure n'ubugari bwa latex.agaciro.“Soft” latex ntishobora gupimwa kubera gufatira hamwe no kurambura mugihe cyo gukora indentation.
Kugirango umenye ubushyuhe bwikirahure (Tg) bwibigize latex, icyitegererezo cya polymer cyashyizwe mubisahani bya silika gel, byumishwa amasaha 24, bipima 0.005 g, bigashyirwa mubiryo by'icyitegererezo.Isahani yarafashwe ishyirwa muburyo butandukanye bwo gusikana ibara (PerkinElmer DSC 8500, Intercooler II, software isesengura amakuru ya Pyris) 62.Uburyo bwo gutwarwa nubushyuhe bukoreshwa mugushira ibikombe hamwe nibikombe by'icyitegererezo mu ziko rimwe hamwe nubushakashatsi bwubatswe bwubushyuhe bwo gupima ubushyuhe.Igiteranyo cya kabiri cyakoreshejwe mugukora umurongo uhoraho.Uburyo bw'icyitegererezo bwazamuwe kuva kuri -20 ° C kugeza kuri 180 ° C ku gipimo cya 20 ° C ku munota.Buri ntangiriro no kurangiza bibikwa kumunota 1 kugirango ubaze ubushyuhe bukabije.
Kugirango dusuzume ubushobozi bwa biocomposite yo gufata CO2, hateguwe ingero kandi zipimwa kimwe nubushakashatsi bwatubanjirije31.Imyenda yo kumisha kandi ya autoclave yaciwemo ibice bigera kuri cm 1 × 1 × 5 hanyuma bipimwa.Koresha 600 µl muri biocoatings ebyiri zingirakamaro za buri cyanobacteria zomekera kumutwe umwe wa buri murongo wa loofah, utwikiriye hafi cm 1 × 1 × 3, hanyuma ukuma mwijimye kuri 20 ° C mumasaha 24.Bitewe nuburyo bwa macroporome ya loofah, amwe mumata yarapfushije ubusa, bityo selile yo gupakira ntabwo yari 100%.Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, uburemere bwimyiteguro yumye kuri loofah bwaragenwe kandi busanzwe muburyo bwo gutegura bwumye.Igenzura rya Abiotic rigizwe na loofah, latex, hamwe nintungamubiri zintungamubiri zateguwe muburyo busa.
Kugirango ukore igice cya kabiri cya CO2 yo gufata, shyira biocomposite (n = 3) mumashanyarazi ya ml 50 kugirango impera imwe ya biocomposite (idafite biocoating) ihure na ml 5 yikigereranyo, ikure intungamubiri kuri gutwarwa nigikorwa cya capillary..Icupa rifunze hamwe na butyl rubber cork ifite diameter ya mm 20 hanyuma igashyirwa hamwe na capitine ya aluminium.Bimaze gufungwa, shyiramo ml 45 ya 5% CO2 / umwuka hamwe nurushinge rudasanzwe rwometse kuri siringi ifata gaze.Ubucucike bw'utugingo ngengabuzima bwo kugenzura (n = 3) bwari buhwanye n'umutwaro w'uturemangingo twa biocomposite mu ntungamubiri.Ibizamini byakorewe kuri 18 ± 2 ° C hamwe na Photoperiod ya 16: 8 na fotoperi ya 30.5 µmol m-2 s-1.Umwanya wumutwe wakuweho muminsi ibiri ukoresheje siringi ikoresheje gaze hanyuma isesengurwa hamwe na metero CO2 hamwe na infragre ya GEOTech G100 kugirango hamenyekane ijanisha rya CO2 yakiriwe.Ongeramo ingano ingana ya CO2 ivanze.
% CO2 Ikosora ibarwa kuburyo bukurikira:% CO2 Gukosora = 5% (v / v) - andika% CO2 (ikigereranyo cya 2) aho P = igitutu, V = ingano, T = ubushyuhe, na R = gazi nziza ihoraho.
Bivugwa ko igipimo cya CO2 cyo kugenzura ihagarikwa rya cyanobacteria na biocomposite byari bisanzwe kugirango bigenzurwe bitari biologiya.Igice gikora g biomass nubunini bwa biomass yumye yimuwe kumyenda yo gukaraba.Igenwa no gupima ingero za loofah mbere na nyuma yo gutunganya selile.Kubara imitwaro ya selile (biomass ihwanye) mugupima kugiti cyawe gupima ibyateguwe mbere na nyuma yo gukama no kubara ubwinshi bwimyiteguro ya selile (kugereranya 3).Imyiteguro y'utugari ifatwa ko ari imwe mugihe cyo gukosora.
Minitab 18 na Microsoft Excel hamwe na RealStatistics yongeyeho yakoreshejwe mu gusesengura imibare.Ubusanzwe bwageragejwe hakoreshejwe ikizamini cya Anderson-Darling, naho uburinganire butandukanye bwageragejwe hakoreshejwe ikizamini cya Levene.Amakuru yujuje ibi bitekerezo yasesenguwe hifashishijwe isesengura ryibice bibiri bitandukanye (ANOVA) hamwe nikizamini cya Tukey nkisesengura rya post hoc.Amakuru yinzira ebyiri zidahuye nibitekerezo byubusanzwe nuburinganire buringaniye zasesenguwe hakoreshejwe ikizamini cya Shirer-Ray-Hara hanyuma ikizamini cya Mann-Whitney U kugirango hamenyekane akamaro hagati yubuvuzi.Moderi rusange ivanze (GLM) moderi yakoreshejwe kubintu bitari bisanzwe hamwe nibintu bitatu, aho amakuru yahinduwe hakoreshejwe impinduka ya Johnson63.Hakozwe akanya ibicuruzwa bya Pearson byakozwe kugirango harebwe isano iri hagati yubunini bwa Texanol, ubushyuhe bwikirahure, hamwe nuburozi bwa latex hamwe namakuru ya adhesion.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-05-2023