321 ibyuma bitagira umuyonga bifatanyirijwe hamwe nu miterere yimashini hamwe nimyitwarire ya ruswa ya duplex idafite ibyuma bisudira hamwe na electrode nshya

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Icyuma kitagira umuyonga 321 Coil Tube Imiti

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Ibyuma bitagira umuyonga 321 Coil Tube Ibikoresho bya mashini

Dukurikije ibyuma bitagira umuyonga 321 Coil Tube Manufacturer, imiterere yubukorikori bwibyuma 321 coing tubing yatanzwe hano hepfo: Imbaraga za Tensile (psi) Imbaraga Zitanga (psi) Kurambura (%)

Porogaramu & Gukoresha Ibyuma Byuma 321 Coil Tube

Mubikorwa byinshi byubuhanga, imashini na ruswa yibikoresho bya duplex idafite ibyuma (DSS) ibyubatswe ni ibintu byingenzi.Ubu bushakashatsi bwakozweho ubushakashatsi ku miterere yubukanishi no kurwanya ruswa ya duplex idafite ibyuma bisudira mu bidukikije bigereranya 3.5% NaCl ukoresheje electrode nshya yabugenewe idasanzwe hiyongereyeho ibintu bivangavanze ku byitegererezo bya flux.Ubwoko bubiri butandukanye bwamazi afite indangagaciro shingiro ya 2.40 na 0.40 yakoreshejwe kuri electrode E1 na E2 yo gusudira imbaho ​​za DSS.Ubushyuhe bwumuriro bwibintu bya flux byasuzumwe hifashishijwe isesengura rya termogravimetric.Ibigize imiti kimwe nubukanishi no kwangirika kwingingo zasudiwe byasuzumwe hifashishijwe ibyuka bihumanya ikirere hakurikijwe ibipimo bitandukanye bya ASTM.Gutandukanya X-ray bikoreshwa mukumenya ibyiciro biboneka muri DSS yo gusudira, naho scanne electron hamwe na EDS ikoreshwa mugusuzuma microstructure ya weld.Imbaraga zingana zingingo zasuditswe zakozwe na E1 electrode yari muri MPa 715-732, na E2 electrode - 606-687 MPa.Umuyoboro wo gusudira wongerewe kuva kuri 90 A ugera kuri 110 A, kandi ubukana nabwo bwiyongereye.Guhuza gusudira hamwe na E1 electrode isize hamwe na flux yibanze bifite imiterere yubukanishi.Imiterere yicyuma ifite ruswa irwanya ruswa ya 3.5% ya NaCl.Ibi biremeza imikorere yingingo zasuditswe zakozwe na electrode nshya.Ibisubizo byaganiriweho mubijyanye no kugabanuka kwibintu bivangwa nka Cr na Mo byagaragaye muri weld hamwe na electrode isize E1 na E2, hamwe no kurekura Cr2N muri weld yakozwe hakoreshejwe electrode E1 na E2.
Mu mateka, bwa mbere havuzwe ku mugaragaro ibyuma bya duplex bitagira ibyuma (DSS) byatangiye mu 1927, igihe byakoreshwaga gusa mu bikoresho bimwe na bimwe kandi ntibyakoreshwaga mu buhanga bwinshi bitewe na karuboni nyinshi1.Ariko nyuma yaho, ibirimo bisanzwe bya karubone byagabanutse kugera ku giciro kinini cya 0.03%, kandi ibyuma byakoreshejwe cyane mubice bitandukanye2,3.DSS ni umuryango wa alloys ufite hafi ya ferrite na austenite.Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko icyiciro cya ferritic muri DSS gitanga uburinzi buhebuje bwo kwirinda indwara ya chloride iterwa no guturika kwangirika (SCC), kikaba cyari ikibazo gikomeye ku byuma bya austenitike bitagira umwanda (ASS) mu kinyejana cya 20.Kurundi ruhande, mubikorwa byubwubatsi nizindi nganda4 ibyifuzo byo kubika biriyongera ku kigero cya 20% kumwaka.Iki cyuma gishya gifite ibyiciro bibiri bya austenitis-ferritic birashobora kuboneka muguhitamo ibihimbano bikwiye, kumubiri-shimi no gutunganya amashyanyarazi.Ugereranije nicyiciro kimwe cyicyuma kitagira umuyonga, DSS ifite imbaraga nyinshi zumusaruro nubushobozi buhebuje bwo guhangana na SCC5, 6, 7, 8. Imiterere ya duplex iha ibyuma imbaraga zidasanzwe, ubukana hamwe no kurwanya ruswa yibidukikije bikabije birimo aside, chloride acide, amazi yo mu nyanja n'imiti yangirika9.Bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ibiciro bya buri mwaka ya nikel (Ni) ivanze ku isoko rusange, imiterere ya DSS, cyane cyane ubwoko bwa nikel buke (lean DSS), imaze kugera kuri byinshi by'indashyikirwa ugereranije na cubic (FCC) ibyuma10, 11. Ibyingenzi ikibazo cyibishushanyo bya ASE ni uko bakorerwa ibihe bitandukanye.Kubwibyo, amashami atandukanye yubuhanga hamwe namasosiyete aragerageza guteza imbere ubundi buryo buke bwa nikel (Ni) butagira ibyuma bikora neza cyangwa byiza kuruta ASS gakondo ifite gusudira bikwiye kandi bikoreshwa mubikorwa byinganda nko guhanahana amazi mumazi ninganda zikora imiti.kontineri 13 kubidukikije hamwe na chloride nyinshi.
Mu iterambere rya kijyambere rigezweho, umusaruro wo gusudira ugira uruhare runini.Mubisanzwe, abanyamuryango ba DSS bahujwe na gaz ikingira arc gusudira cyangwa gusudira gaze ikingira arc.Weld yibasiwe cyane cyane na electrode ikoreshwa mu gusudira.Kuzunguruka electrode igizwe n'ibice bibiri: ibyuma na flux.Kenshi na kenshi, electrode yashizwemo flux, uruvange rwibyuma, iyo byangirika, birekura imyuka kandi bigakora icyuma kirinda icyuma cyanduza kwanduza, kongera umutekano wa arc, no kongeramo ibice bivangavanga kugirango ubuziranenge bwo gusudira14 .Shira ibyuma, aluminium, ibyuma bidafite ingese, ibyuma byoroheje, ibyuma bikomeye cyane, umuringa, umuringa, n'umuringa ni bimwe mu byuma byo gusudira electrode, naho selile, ifu y'icyuma, na hydrogène ni bimwe mu bikoresho bya flux bikoreshwa.Rimwe na rimwe, sodium, titanium na potasiyumu nabyo byongewe kumvange ya flux.
Bamwe mu bashakashatsi bagerageje kwiga ku ngaruka za elegitoroniki ya elegitoronike ku busugire bw’imashini no kwangirika kwubakishijwe ibyuma.Singh n'abandi.15 yakoze iperereza ku ngaruka ziterwa na flux ku kurambura no gukomera kwingufu zo gusudira zasudishijwe no gusudira arc zarohamye.Ibisubizo byerekana ko CaF2 na NiO aribyo byingenzi bigena imbaraga zingana ugereranije no kuba FeMn ihari.Chirag et al.16 yakoze iperereza ku mvange ya SMAW muguhindura ubunini bwa rutile (TiO2) muruvange rwa electrode flux.Byagaragaye ko imiterere ya microhardness yiyongereye kubera kwiyongera kw'ijanisha no kwimuka kwa karubone na silikoni.Kumar [17] yize ku gishushanyo mbonera no guteza imbere ibicuruzwa biva mu mazi yo gusudira arc yo mu mazi.Nwigbo na Atuanya18 bakoze ubushakashatsi ku mikoreshereze ya sodium silikate ikungahaye kuri potasiyumu kugira ngo habeho umusaruro wo gusudira arc hanyuma basanga abasudira bafite imbaraga nyinshi zingana na MPa 430 hamwe n’imiterere yemewe.Lothongkum et al.19 yakoresheje uburyo bwa potentiokinetic yiga agace k'ubunini bwa austenite muri duplex ibyuma bitagira umuyonga 28Cr - 7Ni - O - 0.34N mumashanyarazi ya NaCl yuzuye umwuka muburyo bwa 3.5% wt.munsi ya pH.na 27 ° C.Byombi duplex na micro duplex ibyuma bidafite ingese byerekana ingaruka zimwe za azote ku myitwarire ya ruswa.Azote ntiyagize ingaruka ku bushobozi cyangwa ruswa kuri pH 7 na 10, ariko, ubushobozi bwo kwangirika kuri pH 10 bwari munsi ya pH 7. Ku rundi ruhande, ku nzego zose za pH zize, ubushobozi bwatangiye kwiyongera hamwe no kongera azote. .Lacerda n'abandi.20 yize gutobora ibyuma bya duplex bitagira umuyonga UNS S31803 na UNS S32304 muri 3.5% NaCl igisubizo ukoresheje cyclic potentiodynamic polarisation.Mu gisubizo cya 3.5 wt.% Na NaCl, ibimenyetso byo gutobora byabonetse ku byapa bibiri byakorewe iperereza.UNS S31803 ibyuma bifite ubushobozi bwo kwangirika cyane (Ecorr), guhuza imbaraga (Epit) hamwe no kurwanya polarisiyasi (Rp) kuruta ibyuma bya UNS S32304.UNS S31803 ibyuma bifite repassivité irenze ibyuma bya UNS S32304.Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Jiang n'abandi.[21], impinga ya reactivation ihuye nicyiciro cya kabiri (icyiciro cya austenite na ferrite) yicyuma cya duplex kitagira ibyuma kirimo kugeza kuri 65% bigize ferrite, kandi ubukana bwa ferrite bwiyongera hamwe nigihe cyo kuvura ubushyuhe.Birazwi neza ko ibyiciro bya austenitis na ferritic byerekana reaction zitandukanye zamashanyarazi kubintu bitandukanye byamashanyarazi 21,22,23,24.Abdo et al.Gutobora kwangirika byagaragaye hejuru yubushakashatsi bwa DSS bwageragejwe.Hashingiwe kuri ubwo bushakashatsi, byagaragaye ko hari isano iri hagati ya pH yikintu gishonga no kurwanya firime yakozwe mugikorwa cyo guhererekanya amafaranga, bigira ingaruka zitaziguye kumiterere yibyobo no kubisobanura.Icyari kigamijwe muri ubu bushakashatsi kwari ukumva uburyo ibice bishya bya elegitoroniki yo gusudira bigira ingaruka ku busugire bwa DSS 2205 bwo gusudira no kwangirika kwangirika kwa 3.5% bya NaCl.
Amabuye y'agaciro ya flux (ibiyigize) yakoreshejwe muburyo bwa electrode yashizwemo ni Kalisiyumu Carbone (CaCO3) yo mu Karere ka Obajana, muri Leta ya Kogi, muri Nijeriya, Kalisiyumu Fluoride (CaF2) yo muri Leta ya Taraba, Nijeriya, Silicon Dioxide (SiO2), Talc Powder (Mg3Si4O10 (OH) )) 2) na rutile (TiO2) byakuwe muri Jos, muri Nijeriya, naho kaolin (Al2 (OH) 4Si2O5) yabonetse i Kankara, muri Leta ya Katsina, muri Nijeriya.Potasiyumu silikate ikoreshwa nka binder, iboneka mubuhinde.
Nkuko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 1, oxyde yibigize yapimwe yigenga ku buringanire bwa digitale.Nyuma yaje kuvangwa na potasiyumu silikatike (23% kuburemere) mukuvanga amashanyarazi (moderi: 641-048) ivuye mubuhinde bwa Steel na Wire Products Ltd (ISWP) muminota 30 kugirango ibone paste ya kimwe cya kabiri.Amazi avanze yatose akanda muburyo bwa silindrike kuva imashini ya briquetting hanyuma akagaburirwa mucyumba cyo gukuramo ku muvuduko wa kg 80 kugeza 100 kg / cm2, naho kuva mucyumba cyo kugaburira insinga kigaburirwa muri 3.15mm ya diametre idafite umuyonga.Flux igaburirwa binyuze muri sisitemu ya nozzle / gupfa hanyuma igaterwa muri extruder kugirango ikure electrode.Ikintu cyo gukwirakwiza mm 1,70 cyabonetse, aho ikintu cyo gukwirakwiza gisobanurwa nkikigereranyo cya diameter ya electrode na diameter.Hanyuma electrode isize yumishijwe mu kirere amasaha 24 hanyuma ibarwa mu itanura rito (icyitegererezo PH-248-0571 / 5448) kuri 150-250 ° C \ (- \) amasaha 2.Koresha ikigereranyo kugirango ubare alkalinity yimigezi.(1) 26;
Ubushyuhe bwumuriro wa flux ntangarugero yibigize E1 na E2 byagenwe hakoreshejwe isesengura rya termogravimetric (TGA).Icyitegererezo cya mg zigera kuri 25.33 za flux zashyizwe muri TGA kugirango zisesengurwe.Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe muburyo bwa inert bwabonetse hakoreshejwe umuvuduko wa N2 ku gipimo cya ml 60 / min.Icyitegererezo cyashyutswe kuva 30 ° C kugeza 1000 ° C ku gipimo cya 10 ° C / min.Dukurikije uburyo bwavuzwe na Wang et al.27, Xu et 28 na Dagwa et.29, kubora ubushyuhe no gutakaza ibiro byintangarugero mubushuhe bumwe na bumwe byasuzumwe mubibanza bya TGA.
Tunganya ibyapa bibiri 300 x 60 x 6 mm DSS kugirango witegure kugurisha.V-groove yateguwe ifite icyuho cya 3mm, umwobo wa 2mm nu mfuruka ya 60 °.Isahani noneho yogejwe na acetone kugirango ikureho umwanda.Kuzunguza amasahani ukoresheje icyuma gikingira arc welder (SMAW) hamwe na electrode nziza ya polarite itaziguye (DCEP) ukoresheje electrode isize (E1 na E2) hamwe na electrode yerekana (C) ifite diameter ya mm 3.15.Imashini isohora amashanyarazi (EDM) (Model: Excetek-V400) yakoreshejwe mugukoresha imashini isudira ibyuma byo gupima imashini no kuranga ruswa.Imbonerahamwe 2 yerekana urugero kode nibisobanuro, naho Imbonerahamwe 3 yerekana ibipimo bitandukanye byo gusudira bikoreshwa mu gusudira ikibaho cya DSS.Ikigereranyo (2) gikoreshwa mukubara ubushyuhe buhuye.
Hifashishijwe Bruker Q8 MAGELLAN optique yohereza ibyuka bihumanya (OES) ifite uburebure bwa 110 na 800 nm hamwe na software ya SQL base base, imiterere yimiti ihuriweho hamwe na electrode E1, E2 na C, hamwe nicyitegererezo cyicyuma fatizo.ikoresha icyuho kiri hagati ya electrode nicyuma cyicyitegererezo kiri munsi yikizamini Bitanga ingufu zamashanyarazi muburyo bwa spark.Icyitegererezo cyibigize kirahumeka kandi kigaterwa, bigakurikirwa no kwishima kwa atome, hanyuma bigasohora umurongo wihariye31.Kugirango isesengura ryujuje ubuziranenge bw'icyitegererezo, umuyoboro wa Photomultiplier upima ko habaho ibintu byabugenewe kuri buri kintu, kimwe n'uburemere bw'ikigereranyo.Noneho koresha ikigereranyo kugirango ubare umubare uhwanye na pitingi yo guhangana (PREN)..(4) na (5) ni 33 na 34;
Menya ko PREN izirikana gusa ingaruka nziza yibintu bitatu byingenzi Cr, Mo na N, mugihe azote azote iri murwego rwa 16-30.Mubisanzwe, x yatoranijwe kurutonde rwa 16, 20, cyangwa 30. Mubushakashatsi kuri duplex ibyuma bitagira umuyonga, agaciro kagereranijwe ka 20 gakoreshwa cyane mukubara PREN35,36.
Ihuriro risudira ryakozwe hakoreshejwe electrode zitandukanye ryageragejwe ku mashini yipimisha ku isi yose (Instron 8800 UTM) ku gipimo cya 0.5 mm / min ukurikije ASTM E8-21.Imbaraga za Tensile (UTS), 0.2% yumusaruro wimbaraga (YS), no kurambura byabazwe ukurikije ASTM E8-2137.
DSS 2205 yo gusudira yabanje kubutaka no gusukurwa hakoreshejwe ubunini butandukanye (120, 220, 320, 400, 600, 800, 1000 na 1200) mbere yo gusesengura ubukana.Ingero zasuditswe zakozwe na electrode E1, E2 na C. Ubukomezi bupimirwa ku manota icumi (10) kuva hagati ya weld kugeza ku cyuma fatizo hagati ya mm 1.
X-ray diffractometer (D8 Kuvumbura, Bruker, Ubudage) yagizwe na software ya Bruker XRD Commander yo gukusanya amakuru hamwe nimirasire ya Cu-K-α ifite ingufu za 8.04 keV ihwanye nuburebure bwa 1.5406 Å hamwe na scan ya 3 ° Gusikana (2θ) min-1 ni 38 kugeza 103 ° kugirango isesengure icyiciro hamwe na E1, E2 na C na BM electrode igaragara muri weld ya DSS.Uburyo bwo gutunganya Rietveld bwakoreshejwe mukwerekana ibice bigize ibice ukoresheje software ya MAUD yasobanuwe na Lutterotti39.Hashingiwe kuri ASTM E1245-03, isesengura ryinshi rya metallografiya yerekana amashusho ya microscopique yerekana amashusho ya elegitoronike E1, E2 na C yakozwe hakoreshejwe software ya J40.Ibisubizo byo kubara ingano yubunini bwicyiciro cya ferrite-austenitis, agaciro kabo kagereranijwe no gutandukana byatanzwe mumeza.5. Nkuko bigaragara muburyo bw'icyitegererezo muri fig.6d, isesengura rya microscopi optique (OM) ryakozwe kuri PM no gusudira hamwe hamwe na electrode E1 na E2 kugirango bige morphologie yintangarugero.Ingero zasizwe hamwe na 120, 220, 320, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1500, na 2000 grit silicon carbide (SiC) sandpaper.Izi ngero zahise zishyirwa mu mashanyarazi mu gipimo cya 10% cya acide acide acide acide ku bushyuhe bwicyumba kuri voltage ya 5 V kuri s 10 hanyuma ishyirwa kuri microscope ya LEICA DM 2500 M kugirango iranga morfologiya.Ibindi byo gutunganya icyitegererezo byakozwe hakoreshejwe 2500 grit silicon karbide (SiC) impapuro zo gusesengura SEM-BSE.Byongeye kandi, ingingo zasuditswe zasuzumwe microstructure hifashishijwe ultra-high resolution resolution field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM) (FEI NOVA NANOSEM 430, USA) ifite EMF.Icyitegererezo cya 20 × 10 × 6 mm cyari hasi hifashishijwe ibicapo bitandukanye bya SiC bifite ubunini kuva kuri 120 kugeza 2500. Ingero zashizwe mumashanyarazi muri g 40 za NaOH na ml 100 zamazi yatoboye kuri voltage ya 5 V kuri 15 s, hanyuma yashyizwe ku cyitegererezo, kiri mu cyumba cya SEM, kugirango isesengure ingero nyuma yo koza icyumba na azote.Igikoresho cya elegitoronike cyakozwe na tungsten gishyushye gishyiraho urwego rwo gukora amashusho mugukuza ibintu bitandukanye, kandi ibisubizo bya EMF byabonetse hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa Roche nibindi.41 na Mokobi 42.
Uburyo bwa electrochemical potentiodynamic polarisation ukurikije ASTM G59-9743 na ASTM G5-1444 bwakoreshejwe mugusuzuma ubushobozi bwo kwangirika kumasahani ya DSS 2205 yasudishijwe na electrode ya E1, E2 na C mubidukikije bya 3.5% NaCl.Ibizamini by'amashanyarazi byakozwe hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bigenzurwa na mudasobwa Potentiostat-Galvanostat / ZRA (icyitegererezo: PC4 / 750, Gamry Instruments, USA).Igeragezwa rya elegitoroniki ryakozwe kuri sisitemu ya electrode eshatu: DSS 2205 nka electrode ikora, electrode yuzuye ya Calomel electrode (SCE) nka electrode yerekana inkoni na grafite nka electrode.Ibipimo byakozwe hifashishijwe ingirabuzimafatizo ya elegitoroniki, aho agace k'ibikorwa byakemuwe kari agace ka electrode ikora 0,78 cm2.Ibipimo byakozwe hagati ya -1.0 V kugeza kuri +1.6 V ibishoboka kuri OCP yabanje guhagarara neza (ugereranije na OCP) ku gipimo cya scan ya 1.0 mV / s.
Ibizamini by'ubushyuhe bukomeye byakozwe muri electrochemic byakorewe muri 3.5% NaCl kugirango harebwe uburyo bwo guhangana na weld yakozwe na E1, E2, na C.biragaragara neza kubushobozi bwo gutobora muri PB (hagati yakarere ka pasiporo no gutambuka), hamwe no gusudira hamwe na E1, E2, Electrode C. Kubwibyo rero, ibipimo bya CPT birakorwa kugirango hamenyekane neza ubushobozi bwo gutobora ibikoreshwa mu gusudira.Ikizamini cya CPT cyakozwe hakurikijwe raporo ya duplex idafite ibyuma 45 na ASTM G150-1846.Kuri buri cyuma kigomba gusudwa (S-110A, E1-110A, E2-90A), haciwe ingero zifite ubuso bwa cm 1, harimo ibice, gusudira, na HAZ.Ingero zasizwe hakoreshejwe sandpaper hamwe na 1 µm ya alumina ya porojeri hakurikijwe uburyo busanzwe bwo gutegura icyitegererezo.Nyuma yo gusya, ibyitegererezo byahanaguwe cyane muri acetone muminota 2.Igisubizo cya 3.5% cya NaCl cyongewe muri selile yikizamini cya CPT hanyuma ubushyuhe bwambere bwahinduwe kuri 25 ° C ukoresheje thermostat (Neslab RTE-111).Nyuma yo kugera ku bushyuhe bwa mbere bwa dogere 25 ° C, gaze ya Ar yaturutswe mu minota 15, hanyuma ingero zishyirwa mu kagari, hanyuma OCF ipimwa iminota 15.Icyitegererezo cyahise gikonjeshwa hifashishijwe ingufu za 0.3 V ku bushyuhe bwa mbere bwa 25 ° C, naho umuyaga wapimwe 10 min45.Tangira gushyushya igisubizo ku gipimo cya 1 ° C / min kugeza kuri 50 ° C.Mugihe cyo gushyushya igisubizo cyikizamini, sensor yubushyuhe ikoreshwa mugukomeza gukurikirana ubushyuhe bwigisubizo no kubika igihe nubushyuhe bwamakuru, naho potentiostat / galvanostat ikoreshwa mugupima ikigezweho.Electrode ya grafite yakoreshejwe nka compte electrode, kandi ibishoboka byose byapimwe ugereranije na Ag / AgCl yerekana electrode.Gukuraho Argon byakozwe mugupimisha.
Ku mutini.1 yerekana ibigize (muburemere kwijana) yibice bya flux F1 na F2 bikoreshwa mugukora alkaline (E1) na acide (E2) electrode.Indangagaciro yibanze ya flux ikoreshwa muguhishurira imiterere ya metallurgjique yibintu byahujwe.F1 ni kimwe mu bigize flux ikoreshwa mu gutwika electrode ya E1, yitwa flux alkaline kuko indangagaciro shingiro yayo ari> 1.2 (ni ukuvuga 2.40), naho F2 ni flux ikoreshwa mu gutwika electrode ya E2, yitwa aside flux kubera ishingiro ryayo indangagaciro <0.9 (ni ukuvuga 2.40).0.40).Biragaragara ko electrode yashizwemo na flux yibanze muburyo bwinshi ifite imiterere yubukanishi kuruta electrode yashizwemo na aside aside.Ibiranga nigikorwa cyiganje cya oxyde yibanze muri sisitemu yo guhuza flux ya electrode E1.Ibinyuranye na byo, kuvanaho ibishishwa (gutandukana) hamwe na spatter nkeya bigaragara mu ngingo zasuditswe na E2 electrode ziranga electrode hamwe na acide acide yuzuye irimo ibintu byinshi bya rutile.Iri genzura rihuye n’ibyavuye muri Gill47 ko ingaruka ziterwa na rutile ku gutandukana kwa slag hamwe na spatter nkeya ya acide flux isize electrode igira uruhare mu gukonjesha vuba.Kaolin muri sisitemu ya flux yakoreshwaga mu gutwika electrode E1 na E2 yakoreshwaga nk'amavuta, kandi ifu ya talc yatezimbere ubudahangarwa bwa electrode.Potasiyumu silikatike ihuza muri sisitemu ya flux igira uruhare runini mu gutwika arc no gukora neza, kandi, usibye imiterere yabyo ifatika, itezimbere gutandukanya ibicuruzwa mu bicuruzwa.Kubera ko CaCO3 ari net yameneka (slag breaker) muri flux kandi ikunda kubyara umwotsi mwinshi mugihe cyo gusudira bitewe no kubora kwamashyanyarazi muri CaO hamwe na CO2 hafi 44%, TiO2 (nkuwubaka net / slag yahoze) ifasha kugabanya umubare umwotsi mugihe cyo gusudira.gusudira bityo bigateza imbere gutandukana nkuko byavuzwe na Jing et al.48.Fluorine Flux (CaF2) ni imiti igabanya ubukana iteza isuku kubagurisha.Jastrzębska n'abandi.49 yatangaje ingaruka ziterwa na fluoride yiyi flux yibigize isuku ya weld.Mubisanzwe, flux yongewe mukarere ka weld kugirango itezimbere arc ihamye, kongeramo ibintu bivangavanze, kubaka slag, kongera umusaruro, no kuzamura ubwiza bwa pisine 50.
Imirongo ya TGA-DTG yerekanwe ku mashusho.2a na 2b byerekana gutakaza ibyiciro bitatu iyo ushyushye mubushyuhe bwa 30-1000 ° C mukirere cya azote.Ibisubizo mu gishushanyo cya 2a na b byerekana ko kuburugero rwibanze na acide flux, umurongo wa TGA uramanuka ugana hasi kugeza igihe uzaba uhwanye nubushyuhe bwubushyuhe, hafi 866.49 ° C na 849.10 ° C.Gutakaza ibiro 1,30% na 0.81% mugitangira umurongo wa TGA ku gishushanyo cya 2a na 2b biterwa nubushuhe bwakiriwe nibice bya flux, hamwe no guhumeka no kubura amazi yubuso.Kwangirika kwingenzi kwintangarugero zingenzi kumurongo wa kabiri nuwa gatatu mugitabo.2a yabereye mu bushyuhe buri hagati ya 619.45 ° C - 766.36 ° C na 766.36 ° C - 866.49 ° C, naho ijanisha ryo gutakaza ibiro ryari 2.84 na 9.48%..Mu gihe ku byitegererezo bya aside irike ku gishushanyo cya 7b, byari mu bushyuhe bwa dogere 665.23 ° C - 745.37 ° C na 745.37 ° C - 849.10 ° C, ibiro byabo byagabanutseho 0.81 na 6.73%, ibyo bikaba byaratewe kubora.Kubera ko ibice bigize flux bidakoreshwa, ihindagurika rigarukira gusa kuri flux ivanze.Kubwibyo, kugabanya na okiside biteye ubwoba.Ibi bihuye nibisubizo bya Balogun et al.51, Kamli et al.52 na Adeleke et al.53.Igiteranyo cyo gutakaza kwinshi kwa flux sample yagaragaye mugitabo.2a na 2b ni 13.26% na 8.43%.Gutakaza bike kwa flux sample muri fig.2b iterwa no gushonga cyane kwa TiO2 na SiO2 (1843 na 1710 ° C) nka oxyde nyamukuru igizwe na flux ivanze 54,55, mugihe TiO2 na SiO2 bifite aho bishonga.gushonga Ingingo ya oxyde yibanze: CaCO3 (825 ° C) murugero rwa flux murugero.2a56.Izi mpinduka mumashanyarazi ya oxyde yibanze mumvange ya flux ivugwa neza na Shi et al.54, Ringdalen et al.55 na Du et.56.Twihweje kugabanuka kw'ibiro bikomeje ku gishushanyo cya 2a na 2b, dushobora kwemeza ko ingero za flux zikoreshwa mu mwenda wa electrode ya E1 na E2 zangirika intambwe imwe, nkuko byasabwe na Brown57.Ubushyuhe buringaniye bwibikorwa birashobora kugaragara uhereye kumurongo ukomoka (wt%) mumitini.2a na b.Kubera ko umurongo wa TGA udashobora gusobanura neza ubushyuhe bwihariye sisitemu ya flux ihinduramo icyiciro no guhinduranya ibintu, inkomoko ya TGA ikoreshwa mukumenya agaciro nyako k'ubushyuhe bwa buri kintu (impinduka zicyiciro) nkimpinga ya endothermic kugirango itegure sisitemu ya flux.
Imirongo ya TGA-DTG yerekana kubora k'ubushyuhe bwa (a) amazi ya alkaline ya E1 ya electrode na (b) acide acide ya E2 ya electrode.
Imbonerahamwe 4 irerekana ibisubizo byisesengura rya spekitifotometometrike na SEM-EDS isesengura rya DSS 2205 ibyuma fatizo hamwe na weld byakozwe hakoreshejwe electrode ya E1, E2 na C.E1 na E2 berekanye ko ibiri muri chromium (Cr) byagabanutse cyane kugera kuri 18.94 na 17.04%, naho molybdenum (Mo) yari 0.06 na 0.08%.indangagaciro zo gusudira hamwe na electrode E1 na E2 ziri hasi.Ibi birahuye gato nagaciro kabaruwe PREN kubiciro bya ferritic-austenitis kuva muri SEM-EDS.Kubwibyo, birashobora kugaragara ko gutobora bitangirira kuri stade hamwe nagaciro gake PREN (gusudira kuva E1 na E2), cyane cyane nkuko byasobanuwe mu mbonerahamwe ya 4. Ibi byerekana kugabanuka no kugwa kwimvura ishobora kuvangwa muri weld.Ibikurikiraho, kugabanuka kwibirimo bya Cr na Mo bivanga muri weld byakozwe hakoreshejwe electrode E1 na E2 hamwe nagaciro kabo kangana (PREN) byerekanwe kumeza ya 4, bitera ikibazo cyo gukomeza guhangana n’ibidukikije bikaze, cyane cyane mubidukikije bya chloride.-ibidukikije.Ikigereranyo cyo hejuru cya nikel (Ni) kingana na 11.14% kandi ntarengwa ryemewe ryibintu bya manganese mubice byahujwe na electrode ya E1 na E2 bishobora kuba byaragize ingaruka nziza kumiterere yubukorikori bwakoreshejwe mubihe bigereranya amazi yinyanja (Ishusho 3 ).byakozwe hifashishijwe imirimo ya Yuan na Oy58 na Jing et al.48 ku ngaruka ziterwa na nikel nyinshi na manganese mugutezimbere imiterere yubukanishi bwa DSS yasuditswe mubihe bikomeye byo gukora.
Ibisubizo byikizamini cya (a) UTS na 0.2% sag YS na (b) imyenda imwe no kuramba kwuzuye hamwe no gutandukana kwabo.
Imbaraga zumutungo wibikoresho fatizo (BM) hamwe nudusudira dusudira twakozwe muri electrode yateye imbere (E1 na E2) hamwe na electrode iboneka mubucuruzi (C) byasuzumwe kumirongo ibiri itandukanye yo gusudira ya 90 A na 110 A. 3 (a) na (b) kwerekana UTS, YS hamwe na 0.2% offset, hamwe no kuramba kwabo hamwe namakuru asanzwe yo gutandukana.UTS na YS offset ibisubizo bya 0.2% byabonetse kubitini.3a herekana indangagaciro nziza kuri sample oya.1 (BM), icyitegererezo no.3 (gusudira E1), icyitegererezo no.5 (gusudira E2) na sample no.6 (gusudira hamwe na C) ni 878 na 616 MPa, 732 na 497 MPa, 687 na 461 MPa na 769 na 549 MPa, hamwe no gutandukana kwabo.Kuva ku mutini.110 A) ni ingero zifite nomero 1, 2, 3, 6 na 7, hamwe nibisabwa byibuze imitungo ya tensile irenga 450 MPa mugupimisha tensile na 620 MPa mukizamini cya tensile cyatanzwe na Grocki32.Kurambura ingero zo gusudira hamwe na electrode E1, E2 na C, ihagarariwe nicyitegererezo No 2, No 3, No 4, No 5, No 6 na No 7, ku miyoboro yo gusudira ya 90 A na 110 A, bikurikiranye, byerekana plastike n'ubunyangamugayo.isano n'ibyuma fatizo.Kurambura hepfo byasobanuwe nubusembwa bushoboka bwo gusudira cyangwa ibice bya electrode flux (Ishusho 3b).Twakwanzura ko BM duplex ibyuma bitagira umuyonga hamwe nu gusudira hamwe na electrode ya E1, E2 na C muri rusange bifite imitungo ihanitse cyane bitewe na nikel nyinshi ugereranije (Imbonerahamwe 4), ariko uyu mutungo wagaragaye mubice bifatanye.Ntabwo E2 ikora neza iboneka muri acide yibigize flux.Gunn59 yerekanye ingaruka za nikel alloys mugutezimbere imiterere yubukorikori hamwe no kugenzura icyiciro cyo kuringaniza no gukwirakwiza ibice.Ibi byongeye kwemeza ko electrode ikozwe muburyo bwibanze bwa flux ifite imiterere yubukanishi kuruta electrode ikozwe mu mvange ya acide, nkuko byasabwe na Bang et al.60.Niyo mpamvu, uruhare runini rwatanzwe mubumenyi buriho kubyerekeye imitungo yo gusudira ya electrode nshya yubatswe (E1) ifite imitungo myiza.
Ku mutini.Igishushanyo cya 4a na 4b byerekana microhardness ya Vickers iranga ingero zigeragezwa zifatanije hamwe na electrode E1, E2 na C. 4a yerekana ibisubizo bikomeye byakomotse kumurongo umwe wicyitegererezo (kuva WZ kugeza BM), no mumitini.4b yerekana ibisubizo bikomeye byabonetse kumpande zombi z'icyitegererezo.Indangagaciro zikomeye zabonetse mugihe cyo gusudira ingero No 2, 3, 4 na 5, zahujwe hamwe na electrode E1 na E2, zishobora guterwa nuburyo buboneye mugihe cyo gukomera mukuzunguruka.Ubwiyongere bukabije bwubukomezi bwagaragaye haba muri HAZ yuzuye ingano ndetse no muri HAZ yuzuye neza ya sample zose No 2-7 (reba kode yintangarugero mumeza 2), zishobora gusobanurwa nimpinduka zishoboka muri microstructure ya gusudira nkibisubizo bya chromium-weld bikungahaye cyane ku myuka ihumanya ikirere (Cr23C6).Ugereranije nizindi ngero zo gusudira 2, 3, 4 na 5, indangagaciro zingirakamaro zingingo zasuditswe zingero No 6 na 7 mubishushanyo.4a na 4b hejuru (Imbonerahamwe 2).Nk’uko bivugwa na Mohammed et al.61 na Nowacki na Lukoje62, ibi bishobora guterwa na ferrite δ agaciro gakomeye ndetse no gutera impagarara zisigaye muri weld, ndetse no kugabanuka kw'ibintu bivanga nka Mo na Cr muri weld.Indangagaciro zingirakamaro zose zifatwa nkicyitegererezo mubice bya BM bisa nkaho bihuye.Icyerekezo mubisubizo byubushakashatsi bwakorewe ingero zasuditswe bihuye nu myanzuro yabandi bashakashatsi 61,63,64.
Indangagaciro zikomeye zingingo zasuditswe zingero za DSS (a) igice cyigice cyikigereranyo hamwe na (b) igice cyuzuye cyingingo.
Ibyiciro bitandukanye biboneka muri DSS 2205 yasuditswe hamwe na electrode ya E1, E2 na C byabonetse kandi XRD yerekanwe kumpande zinyuranye 2 \ (\ theta \) irerekanwa kumashusho 5. Impinga ya austenite (\ (\ gamma \) ) na ferrite (\ (\ alpha \)) ibyiciro byagaragaye ku mpande zinyuranye za 43 ° na 44 °, byemeza byimazeyo ko ibice byo gusudira ari ibyiciro bibiri 65 ibyuma bitagira umwanda.ko DSS BM yerekana gusa ibyiciro bya austenitike (\ (\ gamma \)) na ferritic (\ (\ alpha \)), byemeza ibisubizo bya microstructural byatanzwe mubishushanyo 1 na 2. 6c, 7c na 9c.Icyiciro cya ferritic (\ (\ alpha \)) cyagaragaye hamwe na DSS BM hamwe nimpinga ndende muri weld kugeza kuri electrode C byerekana ko irwanya ruswa, kubera ko iki cyiciro kigamije kongera imbaraga zo kwangirika kwicyuma, nkuko Davison na Redmond66 babifite byavuzwe, kuba hari ferrite ihindura ibintu, nka Cr na Mo, bihindura neza firime ya passiyo yibintu mubidukikije birimo chloride.Imbonerahamwe 5 yerekana icyiciro cya ferrite-austenitis ukurikije metallography yuzuye.Ikigereranyo cyijwi ryigice cya ferrite-austenitike mugice cyo gusudira cya electrode C igerwaho hafi (≈1: 1).Icyiciro cya ferrite (\ (\ alpha \)) icyiciro cyo gusudira ukoresheje E1 na E2 electrode mubisubizo by'igice cy'ibice (Imbonerahamwe 5) byerekana ko umuntu ashobora kumva ko ibidukikije byangirika, byemejwe nisesengura ry’amashanyarazi.byemejwe (Igicapo 10a, b)), kubera ko icyiciro cya ferrite gitanga imbaraga nyinshi kandi kirinda chloride iterwa no guhangayika.Ibi birashimangirwa kandi nuburemere buke bugaragara muri weld ya electrode E1 na E2 mugitabo.4a, b, biterwa nigipimo gito cya ferrite muburyo bwibyuma (Imbonerahamwe 5).Kubaho kwa austenitike itaringanijwe (\ (\ gamma \)) hamwe na ferritic (\ (\ alpha \)) mubice bisudira ukoresheje E2 electrode byerekana intege nke zibyuma byibasirwa na ruswa.Ibinyuranye na byo, XPA yerekana ibyiciro bibiri by'ibyuma bisudira hamwe na electrode ya E1 na C, hamwe n'ibisubizo bya BM, mubisanzwe byerekana ko hariho ibintu bya austenitis na ferritic stabilisation, ibyo bigatuma ibikoresho bigira akamaro mubwubatsi n'inganda za peteroli; , kuko impaka Jimenez n'abandi.65;Davidson & Redmond66;Shamant n'abandi67.
Mikorografi ya optique yingingo zisudutse za electrode ya E1 hamwe na geometrike itandukanye: .
Micrografi nziza ya E2 ya elegitoronike yo gusudira kuri geometrike itandukanye: .
Igishushanyo cya 6a - c kandi, kurugero, byerekana imiterere yicyuma cya DSS isudira ikoresheje electrode ya E1 kuri geometrike itandukanye yo gusudira (Ishusho 6d), byerekana aho micrografi optique yafatiwe muburyo bunini.Ku mutini.6a, b, f - uturere twinzibacyuho duhujwe hamwe, twerekana icyiciro kiringaniye cya ferrite-austenite.Igishushanyo cya 7a-c hamwe nurugero rwerekana kandi OM ya DSS ihuriweho gusudira ikoresheje E2 electrode kuri geometrike itandukanye yo gusudira (Ishusho 7d), igereranya ingingo zisesengura za OM muburyo butandukanye.Ku mutini.7a, b, f herekana agace kinzibacyuho kegeranye gusudira muri ferritic-austenitic equilibrium.OM muri zone yo gusudira (WZ) irerekanwa mugitabo.1 n'umutini.2. Weld kuri electrode E1 na E2 6g na 7g.OM kuri BM irerekanwa mumashusho 1 na 2. Mugitabo.6c, e na 7c, e herekana ikibazo cyingingo zasuditswe hamwe na electrode E1 na E2.Agace k'urumuri nicyiciro cya austenite naho igice cyirabura cyijimye nicyiciro cya ferrite.Icyiciro cya equilibiriya muri zone yibasiwe nubushyuhe (HAZ) hafi yumurongo wa fusion yerekanaga imiterere yimvura ya Cr2N, nkuko bigaragara muri micrografi ya SEM-BSE mumashusho.8a, b kandi byemejwe mugitabo.9a, b.Kubaho kwa Cr2N byagaragaye mugice cya ferrite yicyitegererezo.8a, b kandi byemejwe nisesengura ryingingo ya SEM-EMF hamwe nigishushanyo cyumurongo wa EMF cyibice byasuditswe (Ishusho 9a-b), biterwa nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo gusudira.Kuzenguruka byihutisha kwinjiza chromium na azote, kubera ko ubushyuhe bwo hejuru muri weld bwongera ikwirakwizwa rya azote.Ibisubizo bishyigikira ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Ramirez et al.68 na Herenyu et al.69 byerekana ko, hatitawe kubirimo azote, Cr2N ubusanzwe ishyirwa mubinyampeke bya ferrite, imbibi zimbuto, nimbibi za α / \ (\ gamma \), nkuko byavuzwe na abandi bashakashatsi.70.71.
.
Ubuso bwa morphologie yintangarugero ihagarariye hamwe na EMF ijyanye nayo irerekanwa mumashusho.10a - c.Ku mutini.Igishushanyo cya 10a na 10b byerekana micrografi ya SEM hamwe na EMF yerekanwe hamwe hamwe hamwe na electrode E1 na E2 muri zone yo gusudira, no mubitini.10c yerekana micrografi ya SEM hamwe na EMF yerekanwe ya OM irimo austenite (\ (\ gamma \)) na ferrite (\ (\ alpha \)) ibyiciro nta mvura igwa.Nkuko bigaragara mu bice bya EDS ku gishushanyo cya 10a, ijanisha rya Cr (21,69 wt.%) Na Mo (2,65 wt.%) Ugereranyije na 6.25 wt.Microstructure hamwe no kugabanuka cyane mubirimo chromium (15.97 wt.%) Na molybdenum (1.06 wt.%) Ugereranije nibintu byinshi bya nikel (10.08 wt. fig.1. Gereranya.Ikirangantego cya EMF 10b.Imiterere ya acicular hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwa austenitike igaragara muri WZ yerekanwe kumitini.10b yemeza ko igabanuka rishoboka ryibintu bya ferritizing (Cr na Mo) muri weld hamwe nimvura ya nitride ya chromium (Cr2N) - icyiciro cya austenitis.Ikwirakwizwa ry'imvura igwa ku mbibi za austenitis (\ (\ gamma \)) hamwe na ferritic (\ (\ alpha \)) ibyiciro bya DSS bifatanyirijwe hamwe byemeza aya magambo 72,73,74.Ibi kandi bivamo imikorere mibi ya ruswa, kubera ko Cr ifatwa nkikintu cyingenzi cyo gukora firime ya pasiporo iteza imbere kwangirika kwangirika kwibyuma 59,75 nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 10b.Birashobora kugaragara ko BM muri micrografi ya SEM ku gishushanyo cya 10c yerekana gutunganya ingano nkuko ibisubizo byayo bya EDS byerekana Cr (23.32 wt%), Mo (3.33 wt%) na Ni (6.32 wt).%) imiti myiza yimiti.%) nkibintu byingenzi bivanga kugirango ugenzure microstructure ya equilibrium ya ferrite-austenitis icyiciro cya DSS76.Ibisubizo by'isesengura rya EMF ryerekana isesengura ryahujwe na E1 electrode yerekana ko ikoreshwa mu bwubatsi ndetse no mu bidukikije bikaze, kubera ko abashitsi ba austenite na stabilisateur ferrite muri microstructure yubahiriza ibipimo bya DSS AISI 220541.72 ku ngingo zasuditswe, 77.
SEM micrographs yingingo zasuditswe, aho (a) electrode E1 ya zone yo gusudira ifite EMF, (b) electrode E2 ya zone yo gusudira ifite EMF, (c) OM ifite EMF ya EMF.
Mubikorwa, byagaragaye ko gusudira DSS gukomera muburyo bwa ferritic (F-mode), hamwe na nuclei ya austenite nuclea munsi yubushyuhe bwa ferritic solvus, ahanini biterwa na chromium na nikel ihwanye (Creq / Nieq) (> 1.95 bigize uburyo F) Bamwe mubashakashatsi babonye ingaruka zicyuma bitewe nubushobozi bukomeye bwo gukwirakwiza Cr na Mo nkibintu bigize ferrite mugice cya ferrite 8078.79.Biragaragara ko DSS 2205 BM irimo Cr na Mo nyinshi (yerekana Creq yo hejuru), ariko ifite Ni munsi ya Ni ugereranije na weld hamwe na electrode ya E1, E2 na C, bigira uruhare runini kuri Creq / Nieq.Ibi bigaragarira no mu bushakashatsi burimo, nkuko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 4, aho igipimo cya Creq / Nieq cyagenwe kuri DSS 2205 BM hejuru ya 1.95.Birashobora kugaragara ko gusudira hamwe na electrode E1, E2 na C bikomera muburyo bwa austenitis-ferritic (AF mode), uburyo bwa austenitis (A mode) hamwe na ferritic-austenitike, bitewe nibintu byinshi biri muburyo bwinshi (FA mode) .), nkuko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 4, ibikubiye muri Ni, Cr na Mo muri weld ni bike, byerekana ko igipimo cya Creq / Nieq kiri munsi ya BM.Ferrite yibanze muri E2 ya elegitoroniki ya elegitoronike yari ifite verphular ferrite morphologie kandi igipimo cyagenwe cya Creq / Nieq cyari 1.20 nkuko byasobanuwe mu mbonerahamwe ya 4.
Ku mutini.11a yerekana Gufungura Inzira Zishobora (OCP) nigihe cyigihe cya AISI DSS 2205 imiterere yicyuma muri 3.5% igisubizo cya NaCl.Birashobora kugaragara ko umurongo wa ORP uhindukirira ugana kubintu byiza byiza, byerekana isura ya firime ya pasiporo hejuru yicyitegererezo cyicyuma, kugabanuka kubishobora kwerekana ruswa rusange, kandi ubushobozi burigihe burigihe mugihe cyerekana ishingwa rya a firime ya passiyo mugihe runaka., Ubuso bwicyitegererezo burahagaze kandi bufite Sticky 77. Imirongo yerekana insimburangingo yubushakashatsi mubihe bitameze neza kuburugero rwose muri electrolyte irimo igisubizo cya NaCl 3.5%, usibye icyitegererezo cya 7 (gusudira hamwe na C-electrode), byerekana ihungabana rito.Uku kudahungabana kurashobora kugereranywa no kuba hari chloride ion (Cl-) mugisubizo, gishobora kwihutisha cyane reaction ya ruswa, bityo bikongera urugero rwa ruswa.Indorerezi mugihe cya OCP zisikana zidafite ubushobozi bwerekanwe zerekanye ko Cl mubitekerezo ishobora kugira ingaruka kumurwanya hamwe nubushyuhe bwa termodinamike byintangarugero mubidukikije.Ma n'abandi.81 na Lotho n'abandi.5 yemeje ko Cl- igira uruhare mu kwihutisha iyangirika rya firime zidahwitse kuri substrate, bityo bikagira uruhare mu kwambara.
Isesengura rya elegitoroniki yubushakashatsi bwakozwe:
Ku mutini.11b irerekana isesengura rigereranya ryimbaraga za potentiodynamic polarisation (PPC) yingingo zisudutse za electrode E1, E2 na C zatewe nigisubizo cya 3.5% NaCl.Ingero za BM zasuditswe muri PPC na 3.5% NaCl igisubizo cyerekanaga imyitwarire idahwitse.Imbonerahamwe 5 yerekana ibipimo by'isesengura ry'amashanyarazi by'icyitegererezo cyabonetse ku murongo wa PPC, nka Ecorr (ubushobozi bwo kwangirika) na Epit (ibishobora kwangirika) hamwe no gutandukana kwabo.Ugereranije nizindi ngero No 2 na No 5, zasudishijwe na electrode E1 na E2, ingero No 1 na No 7 (BM hamwe nudusudira twahujwe na electrode C) yerekanye imbaraga nyinshi zo gutera ruswa mumuti wa NaCl (Ishusho 11b ).Imiterere ihanitse ya passiwasi yambere ugereranije niyanyuma biterwa nuburinganire bwimiterere ya microstructural yibyuma (ibyiciro bya austenitike na ferritic) hamwe nuburinganire bwibintu bivanga.Bitewe no kuba ferrite na austenitis ibyiciro muri microstructure, Resendea nibindi.82 yashyigikiye imyitwarire idahwitse ya DSS mubitangazamakuru bikaze.Imikorere mike yicyitegererezo yasudishijwe na electrode ya E1 na E2 irashobora guhuzwa no kugabanuka kwibintu nyamukuru bivangavanze, nka Cr na Mo, muri zone yo gusudira (WZ), kubera ko bihindura icyiciro cya ferrite (Cr na Mo), bikora nka passivator Amavuta avanze mugice cya austenitike yicyuma cya okiside.Ingaruka yibi bintu kumurwanya ni mwinshi mugice cya austenitis kuruta icyiciro cya ferritic.Kubera iyo mpamvu, icyiciro cya ferritic kinyura passivasi byihuse kuruta icyiciro cya austenitike kijyanye nigice cyambere cya passivation yakarere ka polarisiyasi.Ibi bintu bigira ingaruka zikomeye kuburwanya bwa DSS bitewe nuburwanya bwabo bwo hejuru mu cyiciro cya austenitis ugereranije nicyiciro cya ferritic.Kubwibyo, passivation yihuse yicyiciro cya ferrite iri hejuru ya 81% kurenza icyiciro cya austenite.Nubwo Cl- mubisubizo igira ingaruka mbi zikomeye kubushobozi bwa passiwasi ya firime yicyuma83.Kubwibyo, ituze rya firime passivating ya sample izagabanuka cyane84.Kuva ku mbonerahamwe.6 irerekana kandi ko ubushobozi bwo kwangirika (Ecorr) yingingo zasuditswe hamwe na E1 electrode zidahagaze neza mubisubizo ugereranije nibisudira hamwe na E2 electrode.Ibi kandi bishimangirwa nagaciro gake k'ubukomezi bwo gusudira ukoresheje electrode E1 na E2 mumitini.4a, b, biterwa nibirimo bike bya ferrite (Imbonerahamwe 5) hamwe na chromium na molybdenum (Imbonerahamwe 4) muburyo bwibyuma bikozwe.Twakwanzura ko kurwanya ruswa kwangirika kwicyuma cyibidukikije byo mu nyanja byiyongera hamwe no kugabanuka kwamazi yo gusudira no kugabanuka hamwe na Cr na Mo nkeya hamwe na ferrite nkeya.Aya magambo ajyanye nubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Salim et al.85 ku ngaruka ziterwa no gusudira nko gusudira umuyoboro ku kwangirika kwangirika kwibyuma.Nkuko chloride yinjira mubyuma binyuze muburyo butandukanye nko kwinjiza capillary no gukwirakwizwa, hacukuwe ibyobo (pitingi positif) byuburinganire nuburebure.Uburyo buratandukanye cyane mubisubizo bya pH murwego rwo hejuru aho amatsinda akikije (OH-) akururwa gusa hejuru yicyuma, bigahindura firime ya pasiporo no gutanga ubundi burinzi hejuru yicyuma 25,86.Kurwanya ruswa nziza yintangarugero No 1 na No 7 biterwa ahanini no kuba hariho ibyuma byububiko bwa δ-ferrite (Imbonerahamwe 5) hamwe na Cr na Mo nyinshi (Imbonerahamwe 4), kuva i urwego rwo gutobora ruswa cyane cyane mubyuma, gusudira nuburyo bwa DSS, muburyo bwa austenitis-fase yibice.Rero, imiti yimiti ivanze igira uruhare rukomeye mumikorere ya ruswa yo gusudira hamwe 87,88.Byongeye kandi, byagaragaye ko ingero zasuditswe hakoreshejwe electrode ya E1 na C muri ubu bushakashatsi zerekanye agaciro ka Ecorr gahereye ku murongo wa PPC ugereranije n’izisudira ukoresheje E2 electrode iva ku murongo wa OCP (Imbonerahamwe 5).Kubwibyo, akarere ka anode gatangirira kubushobozi buke.Ihinduka riterwa ahanini no guhagarika igice cya passivation igizwe hejuru yicyitegererezo hamwe na cathodic polarisation ibaho mbere yuko OCP89 ihagarara neza.Ku mutini.12a na b berekana amashusho ya 3D optique yerekana amashusho yikigereranyo cyangiritse muburyo butandukanye bwo gusudira.Birashobora kugaragara ko ingano yo kwangirika yikigereranyo yiyongera hamwe nubushobozi bwo hasi bwo kwangirika bwatewe numuyoboro mwinshi wo gusudira wa 110 A (Igicapo 12b), ugereranije nubunini bwa ruswa yabonetse kubasudira bafite igipimo cyo gusudira kiri hasi ya 90 A. (Ishusho 12a).Ibi birashimangira Mohammed90′s avuga ko kunyerera byakozwe hejuru yicyitegererezo kugirango bisenye firime ya passiwasi yubutaka berekana substrate kumuti wa NaCl 3.5% kugirango chloride itangire gutera, bigatuma ibikoresho bishonga.
Isesengura rya SEM-EDS mu mbonerahamwe ya 4 ryerekana ko indangagaciro za PREN za buri cyiciro cya austenitis ziri hejuru ya ferrite muri weld zose na BM.Gutangiza piting kuri interineti ya ferrite / austenite byihutisha isenywa ryurwego rwibintu bya pasiporo bitewe na inomomogeneité no gutandukanya ibintu bibera muri utwo turere91.Bitandukanye nicyiciro cya austenitis, aho pitingi irwanya ihwanye (PRE) agaciro kari hejuru, gutangira gutangiza icyiciro cya ferritic biterwa nagaciro gake PRE (Imbonerahamwe 4).Icyiciro cya austenite gisa nkigifite umubare munini wa stabilisateur ya austenite (solubilité ya azote), itanga urugero rwinshi rwiki kintu, bityo rero, kurwanya cyane piting92.
Ku mutini.Igicapo 13 kirerekana ubushyuhe bukomeye bwo gutandukanya ubushyuhe bwa E1, E2, na C.Urebye ko ubucucike buriho bwiyongereye kugera kuri 100 µA / cm2 kubera gutoboka mugihe cyizamini cya ASTM, biragaragara ko @ 110A weld hamwe na E1 yerekanaga byibuze ubushyuhe bukabije bwa 27.5 ° C bukurikirwa no kugurisha E2 @ 90A byerekana CPT ya 40 ° C, naho kuri C @ 110A CPT yo hejuru ni 41 ° C.Ibisubizo byagaragaye bihuye neza nibisubizo byagaragaye mubizamini bya polarisiyasi.
Imiterere ya mashini nimyitwarire ya ruswa ya duplex idafite ibyuma byo gusudira byakozweho iperereza hakoreshejwe electrode nshya ya E1 na E2.Electrode ya alkaline (E1) na electrode ya aside (E2) yakoreshejwe mugikorwa cya SMAW yashizwemo neza hamwe na flux igizwe na rusange ya 1,7 mm hamwe na alkaline ya 2,40 na 0.40.Ubushyuhe bwumuriro wa fluxes bwateguwe ukoresheje TGA muburyo bwa inert bwarasuzumwe.Kuba hari ibintu byinshi bya TiO2 (%) muri matrix flux byateje imbere gukuraho slag yo gusudira kuri electrode yashizwemo na aside aside (E2) ugereranije na electrode yashizwemo na flux y'ibanze (E1).Nubwo electrode ebyiri zifunze (E1 na E2) zifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo gutangira arc.Imiterere yo gusudira, cyane cyane iyinjizwa ryubushyuhe, gusudira nubu nihuta, bigira uruhare runini mugushikira icyiciro cya austenite / ferrite ya DSS 2205 yo gusudira hamwe nubukanishi bwiza bwa weld.Ihuriro ryasuditswe na electrode ya E1 ryerekanaga ibintu byiza cyane (shear 0.2% YS = 497 MPa na UTS = 732 MPa), byemeza ko amashanyarazi yibanze ya electrode afite icyerekezo cyibanze ugereranije na acide flux yuzuye electrode.Electrode yerekana imashini nziza hamwe na alkaline nkeya.Biragaragara ko mubice byahujwe na electrode hamwe nigitambaro gishya (E1 na E2) nta kuringaniza icyiciro cya ferrite-austenitike, cyagaragaye hifashishijwe isesengura rya OES na SEM-EDS ryasesenguwe kandi rigereranywa nubunini bwijwi muri gusudira.Metallography yemeje ubushakashatsi bwabo bwa SEM.microstructures.Ibi ahanini biterwa no kugabanuka kwibintu bivangwa nka Cr na Mo hamwe nibisohoka bya Cr2N mugihe cyo gusudira, ibyo bikaba byemezwa na EDS kumurongo.Ibi birashigikirwa kandi nuburemere buke bugaragara muri weld hamwe na electrode ya E1 na E2 bitewe numubare muke wa ferrite nibintu bivanga mubyuma.Ibimenyetso bishobora kwangirika (Ecorr) bya weld ukoresheje electrode ya E1 byagaragaye ko bidashobora kwihanganira ruswa yangirika ugereranije nabasudira bakoresheje E2 electrode.Ibi biremeza imikorere ya electrode nshya yatejwe imbere muri weld yageragejwe muri 3.5% ya NaCl ibidukikije nta flux ivanze ivanze.Twakwanzura ko kurwanya ruswa mu bidukikije byo mu nyanja byiyongera hamwe no kugabanuka kwa welding.Rero, imvura ya karbide na nitride hamwe no kugabanuka gukurikiraho kwangirika kwangirika kwingingo zasuditswe hakoreshejwe electrode ya E1 na E2 byasobanuwe numuyoboro wogusudira wiyongereye, ibyo bikaba byaratumye habaho ubusumbane mubyiciro byingingo zifatanije ziva mubyuma byombi.
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