Intego yiki gikorwa ni ugutezimbere uburyo bwo gutunganya lazeri yikora kandi ifite ibipimo bihanitse kandi byateganijwe mbere.Aka kazi karimo gusesengura ingano nuburyo bwo guhanura ibiciro byo guhimba laser yo mu bwoko bwa Nd: YVO4 microchannels muri PMMA hamwe no gutunganya laser imbere ya polyakarubone yo guhimba ibikoresho bya microfluidic.Kugirango ugere kuri izi ntego zumushinga, ANN na DoE bagereranije ingano nigiciro cya CO2 na Nd: YVO4 sisitemu ya laser.Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryuzuye ryo kugenzura ibitekerezo hamwe na submicron yukuri yumurongo uhagaze hamwe nibitekerezo bivuye kuri kodegisi.By'umwihariko, gukoresha imirasire ya laser hamwe nicyitegererezo cyerekana bigenzurwa na FPGA.Ubumenyi bwimbitse bwa Nd: YVO4 sisitemu yimikorere na software byemereye ishami rishinzwe kugenzura gusimburwa na Compact-Rio Programmable Automation Controller (PAC), ibyo bikaba byarakozwe muri High Resolution Feedback 3D Positioning intambwe ya LabVIEW Code Control Submicron Encoders. .Gutangiza byuzuye muriki gikorwa muri kode ya LabVIEW iri mumajyambere.Ibikorwa biriho n'ibizaza birimo ibipimo byerekana neza ibipimo bifatika, byuzuye kandi byororoka bya sisitemu yo gushushanya, hamwe no gutezimbere uburyo bwa microchannel geometrie ya microfluidic na laboratoire ibikoresho-kuri-chip bihimbano bya chimique / isesengura hamwe na siyanse yo gutandukanya.
Porogaramu nyinshi zikoreshwa mu gice cya kabiri gikomeye (SSM) ibice bisaba ibikoresho byiza bya mashini.Ibikoresho byubukorikori bidasanzwe nko kwihanganira kwambara, imbaraga nyinshi no gukomera biterwa na microstructure ibiranga byakozwe nubunini bwa ultra-nziza.Ingano yintete mubisanzwe biterwa nuburyo bwiza bwa SSM.Nyamara, SSM castings ikunze kubamo ibisigisigi bisigaye, byangiza cyane imikorere.Muriyi mirimo, inzira zingenzi zo kubumba igice-gikomeye cyuma kugirango tubone ibice byujuje ubuziranenge bizashakishwa.Ibi bice byagombye kugabanya ubukana no kunoza imiterere ya microstructural, harimo ingano nini cyane kandi ikwirakwiza imvura igwa hamwe na mikorobe ikomatanya.By'umwihariko, ingaruka zuburyo bw-ubushyuhe bwo kwitegura ku iterambere rya microstructure yifuzwa bizasesengurwa.Ibintu biva mu kuzamura ubwinshi bwa misa, nko kongera imbaraga, gukomera no gukomera, bizakorwaho iperereza.
Aka kazi ni ubushakashatsi bwo guhindura laser yubuso bwibikoresho bya H13 ukoresheje uburyo bwo gutunganya laser.Gahunda yambere yo kugerageza igeragezwa yakozwe yatumye habaho gahunda irambuye.Dioxyde de carbone (CO2) ikoreshwa nuburebure bwa 10,6 µm.Muri gahunda yubushakashatsi yubushakashatsi, hakoreshejwe ibibanza bya laser bifite ubunini butatu: 0.4, 0.2, na 0,09 mm z'umurambararo.Ibindi bipimo bishobora kugenzurwa ni laser peak power, igipimo cyo gusubiramo impiswi hamwe na pulse.Gazi ya Argon kumuvuduko wa 0.1 MPa ihora ifasha gutunganya laser.Icyitegererezo H13 cyarakomerekejwe kandi kijyanye na chimique mbere yo gutunganyirizwa kugirango hongerwe kwifata hejuru yuburebure bwa CO2 laser.Ingero zakozwe na Laser zateguwe kubushakashatsi bwibyuma kandi imiterere yumubiri nubukanishi yaranzwe.Ubushakashatsi bwa Metallographic hamwe nisesengura ryibigize imiti byakozwe hakoreshejwe scanning electron microscopi ifatanije ningufu zikwirakwiza X-ray spectrometry.Crystallinity hamwe na fonctionnement yubuso bwahinduwe byakozwe hakoreshejwe sisitemu ya XRD ifite imirasire ya Cu Kα nuburebure bwa 1.54 Å.Umwirondoro wubuso bupimwa ukoresheje sisitemu yo gushushanya.Ubukomezi bwibintu byahinduwe byapimwe na Vickers diamant microindentation.Ingaruka zubuso bwubuso kumiterere yumunaniro wubuso bwahinduwe bwizwe hakoreshejwe sisitemu yumuriro wumuriro udasanzwe.Byaragaragaye ko bishoboka kubona ibinyampeke byahinduwe bifite ubunini bwa ultrafine butarenze 500 nm.Ubujyakuzimu bwongerewe uburebure buri hagati ya 35 na 150 µm byagezweho kuri laser yakozwe na H13 ingero.Crystallinity yubuso bwa H13 yahinduwe iragabanuka cyane, ifitanye isano no gukwirakwiza kristu nyuma yo kuvura laser.Impuzandengo ntarengwa yakosowe hejuru ya H13 Ra ni 1.9 µm.Ikindi kintu cyavumbuwe ni uko ubukana bwubuso bwa H13 bwahinduwe buva kuri 728 kugeza 905 HV0.1 muburyo butandukanye bwa laser.Isano iri hagati yubushuhe bwo kwigana ubushyuhe (igipimo cyo gushyushya no gukonjesha) hamwe nigisubizo cyo gukomera byashyizweho kugirango turusheho gusobanukirwa ningaruka za laser.Ibisubizo nibyingenzi mugutezimbere uburyo bukomeye bwo kunoza uburyo bwo kunoza imyambarire no gukingira ubushyuhe.
Ingaruka zingirakamaro kumipira yimikino ikomeye kugirango utezimbere ibintu bisanzwe kuri GAA sliotar
Intego nyamukuru yubu bushakashatsi ni ukuranga imyitwarire yingirakamaro ya sliotar yibanze ku ngaruka.Ibiranga viscoelastic biranga umupira byakorewe kumurongo wihuta.Imiterere ya polymer igezweho yunvikana nigipimo cyingutu, mugihe imigenzo gakondo igizwe nibice byinshi biterwa ningutu.Igisubizo kitari umurongo wa viscoelastic gisobanurwa nindangagaciro zibiri zikomeye: gukomera kwambere no gukomera kwinshi.Imipira gakondo irikubye inshuro 2,5 kurenza imipira igezweho, bitewe n'umuvuduko.Umuvuduko wihuse wo gukomera kwimipira isanzwe bivamo byinshi bitari umurongo COR ugereranije numuvuduko ugereranije numupira ugezweho.Imbaraga zikomeye ibisubizo byerekana imipaka ikoreshwa ya kwasi-static ibizamini hamwe nibisobanuro byimpeshyi.Isesengura ryimyitwarire yimiterere ihindagurika yerekana ko kwimura hagati yikintu cya rukuruzi hamwe no kwikuramo diametrical bidahuye nubwoko bwose bwimiterere.Hifashishijwe ubushakashatsi bwimbitse bwa prototyping, hasuzumwe ingaruka zuburyo bwo gukora kumikorere yumupira.Ibipimo byubushyuhe, ubushyuhe nibintu bigize ibintu bitandukanye kugirango bitange imipira itandukanye.Gukomera kwa polymer bigira ingaruka ku gukomera ariko ntibigabanye ingufu, kongera ubukana byongera ubukana bwumupira.Nucleating inyongeramusaruro igira ingaruka kumikorere yumupira, kwiyongera kwinyongeramusaruro biganisha ku kugabanuka kwimikorere yumupira, ariko iyi ngaruka irumva urwego rwa polymer.Isesengura ryumubare ryakozwe hifashishijwe uburyo butatu bwimibare kugirango bigereranye igisubizo cyumupira kugirango ugire ingaruka.Icyitegererezo cyambere cyagaragaye ko gishobora kubyara imyitwarire yumupira kurwego ruto, nubwo mbere yari yarakoreshejwe neza mubundi bwoko bwimipira.Icyitegererezo cya kabiri cyerekanaga uburyo busobanutse bwerekana ingaruka zumupira wasangaga zikoreshwa muburyo bwose bwimipira yageragejwe, ariko imbaraga zo kwimura imbaraga zo guhanura ntizari hejuru nkuko byari bikenewe kugirango ishyirwa mubikorwa rinini.Icyitegererezo cya gatatu cyerekanaga neza neza neza iyo bigana umupira.Imbaraga zingirakamaro zakozwe nicyitegererezo kuri iyi moderi ni 95% bihuye namakuru yubushakashatsi.
Uyu murimo wageze ku ntego ebyiri zingenzi.Imwe murimwe nigishushanyo nogukora ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa capillary viscometer, naho icya kabiri nicyuma cyigice cyicyuma cyigana kugirango gifashe mugushushanya no gutanga amakuru kubigereranya.Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru capillary viscometer yubatswe kandi ikoreshwa mugupima kwambere.Igikoresho kizakoreshwa mugupima ubwiza bwibyuma bigoye cyane mubihe byubushyuhe bwinshi nigipimo cyogosha gisa nikikoreshwa munganda.Capclary viscometer ni sisitemu imwe yingingo ishobora kubara ubukonje mugupima umuvuduko nigabanuka ryumuvuduko hejuru ya capillary, kubera ko ibishishwa bihwanye neza nigabanuka ryumuvuduko kandi bikagereranywa no gutemba.Ibishushanyo mbonera bikubiyemo ibisabwa kugirango ubushyuhe bugenzurwa neza bugera kuri 800ºC, igipimo cyo guterwa inshinge hejuru ya 10,000 s-1, hamwe na profile yo gutera inshinge.Icyiciro cya kabiri-ibyiciro bibiri-byerekana igihe-biterwa na moderi yakozwe hifashishijwe porogaramu ya FLUENT ya comptabilite fluid dinamike (CFD).Ibi byakoreshejwe mugusuzuma ubwiza bwibyuma bikomeye nkuko byanyuze muri capillary viscometer yabugenewe ku muvuduko wo gutera inshinge za 0.075, 0.5 na 1 m / s.Hakozwe kandi ingaruka ku gice cy'ibice by'ibyuma (fs) kuva 0.25 kugeza 0.50.Ku mbaraga-amategeko yingirakamaro ikoreshwa mugutezimbere icyitegererezo cya Fluent, hagaragaye isano ikomeye hagati yibi bipimo hamwe nubwiza bwabyo.
Uru rupapuro rukora iperereza ku ngaruka ziterwa n’ibikorwa bya Al-SiC ibyuma bya matrix (MMC) muburyo bwo gufumbira.Ibipimo byakozwe byizwe harimo umuvuduko wa stirrer, igihe cya stirrer, geometrie ya stirrer, umwanya wa stirrer, ubushyuhe bwamazi ya metallic (viscosity).Amashusho agaragara yakorewe ku bushyuhe bwicyumba (25 ± C), kwigana mudasobwa no kugerageza kugenzura umusaruro wa MMC Al-SiC.Mu mashusho agaragara na mudasobwa, amazi na glycerine / amazi byakoreshwaga mu kugereranya amazi ya aluminium na kimwe cya kabiri.Hakozwe iperereza ku ngaruka za viscosities za 1, 300, 500, 800, na 1000 mPa s hamwe n’ibipimo bya 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, na 300 rpm.Imizingo 10 kuri buri gice.% byashimangiwe na SiC ibice, bisa nibikoreshwa muri aluminium MMK, byakoreshejwe mugushushanya no kubara.Ibizamini byo gufata amashusho byakorewe mubirahuri bisobanutse.Ibigereranyo byo kubara byakozwe hakoreshejwe Fluent (gahunda ya CFD) hamwe nubushake bwa mixSim.Ibi birimo 2D axisymmetric multiphase igihe-biterwa no kwigana inzira yumusaruro ukoresheje icyitegererezo cya Euleriya (granular).Kwishingikiriza kumwanya wo gutatanya igihe, gutuza umwanya nuburebure bwa vortex kuvanga geometrie hamwe numuvuduko wo kuzunguruka byashyizweho.Kuri stirrer hamwe na ° kuri paddles, inguni ya paddle ya dogere 60 wasangaga ikwiranye neza kugirango ibone vuba gutatanya ibice.Kubera ibyo bizamini, byagaragaye ko kugirango haboneke isaranganya rimwe rya SiC, umuvuduko ukabije wari 150 rpm kuri sisitemu y’amazi-SiC na 300 rpm kuri sisitemu ya glycerol / amazi-SiC.Byagaragaye ko kongera ubukonje kuva kuri 1 mPa · s (ku byuma byamazi) bikagera kuri mPa · 300 (ku cyuma gikomeye) byagize ingaruka zikomeye ku gihe cyo gukwirakwiza no guta kwa SiC.Ariko, kwiyongera kuva kuri 300 mPa · s kugera kuri 1000 mPa · s ntacyo bihindura kuri iki gihe.Igice kinini cyiki gikorwa cyarimo gushushanya, kubaka no kwemeza imashini yabugenewe yihuta yo gukata kuri ubu buryo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bwo hejuru.Imashini igizwe na stirrer ifite ibyuma bine biringaniye ku nguni ya dogere 60 kandi ni ngombwa mu cyumba cy'itanura hamwe n'ubushyuhe bukabije.Kwiyinjizamo birimo actuator izimya vuba imvange yatunganijwe.Ibi bikoresho bikoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho bya Al-SiC.Muri rusange, amasezerano meza yabonetse hagati yo kubona amashusho, kubara no kugerageza ibisubizo.
Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwihuse bwa prototyping (RP) bwatejwe imbere kugirango bukoreshwe cyane cyane mumyaka icumi ishize.Sisitemu yihuta ya prototyping iboneka mubucuruzi uyumunsi ikoresha tekinoroji zitandukanye ukoresheje impapuro, ibishashara, ibisiga bivura urumuri, polymers, nifu yicyuma gishya.Umushinga warimo uburyo bwihuse bwa prototyping, Fused Deposition Modeling, bwatangijwe bwa mbere mumwaka wa 1991. Muri iki gikorwa, verisiyo nshya ya sisitemu yo kwerekana imiterere ukoresheje ibishashara yakozwe kandi ikoreshwa.Uyu mushinga urasobanura igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu nuburyo bwo kubika ibishashara.Imashini za FDM zikora ibice bisohora igice cyashongeshejwe kuri platifomu muburyo bwateganijwe binyuze mumashanyarazi ashyushye.Gukuramo nozzle byashyizwe kumeza XY igenzurwa na sisitemu ya mudasobwa.Hamwe nogucunga byikora byimikorere ya plunger nu mwanya wababitsa, hakozwe urugero rwukuri.Igice kimwe cyibishashara gishyizwe hejuru yundi kugirango habeho ibintu 2D na 3D.Ibiranga ibishashara nabyo byasesenguwe kugirango hongerwe umusaruro wibyitegererezo.Harimo ubushyuhe bwinzibacyuho yubushyuhe bwibishashara, ubwiza bwibishashara, nuburyo imiterere yigishashara mugihe cyo gutunganya.
Mu myaka itanu ishize, amatsinda yubushakashatsi muri kaminuza y’Umujyi wa Dublin ishami ry’ubumenyi rya Cluster yateguye uburyo bubiri bwa lazeri micromachining ishobora gukora imiyoboro nijwi hamwe na micron-nini yerekana imyororokere.Icyibandwaho muriyi mirimo ni ugukoresha ibikoresho byabigenewe kugirango utandukanye intego ya biomolecules.Imirimo ibanza yerekana ko morphologie nshya yo kuvanga capillary hamwe numuyoboro wubutaka ushobora gushirwaho kugirango tunoze ubushobozi bwo gutandukana.Aka kazi kazibanda ku ikoreshwa ryibikoresho bya micromachining iboneka mugushushanya hejuru ya geometrike hamwe numuyoboro uzatanga itandukaniro ryiza no kuranga sisitemu yibinyabuzima.Ikoreshwa rya sisitemu rizakurikiza laboratoire-kuri-chip kubikorwa bya biodiagnostic.Ibikoresho bikozwe hifashishijwe ubu buhanga bwateye imbere bizakoreshwa muri laboratoire ya microfluidic yumushinga kuri chip.Intego yumushinga nugukoresha igishushanyo mbonera, gutezimbere, hamwe nubuhanga bwo kwigana kugirango utange umubano utaziguye hagati yimikorere ya laser hamwe na micro- na nanoscale biranga umuyoboro, no gukoresha aya makuru mugutezimbere imiyoboro itandukanye muri microtechnologies.Ibisubizo byihariye byakazi birimo: gushushanya umuyoboro hamwe na morfologiya yo hejuru kugirango tunoze siyanse yo gutandukana;icyiciro cya monolithic cyo kuvoma no gukuramo muri chip ihuriweho;gutandukanya ibyatoranijwe kandi byakuweho intego biomolecules kuri chip ihuriweho.
Ibisekuruza no kugenzura ubushyuhe bwigihe gito hamwe na profili ndende ya capillary LC inkingi ukoresheje Peltier array hamwe na infragre ya thermography
Ihuriro rishya ryitumanaho rigamije kugenzura neza ubushyuhe bwa capillary inkingi ryakozwe hashingiwe ku ikoreshwa rya gahunda ikurikiranwa kugiti cyihariye cya selile ya Peltier selile.Ihuriro ritanga ubushyuhe bwihuse kuri capillary na micro LC inkingi kandi itanga icyarimwe gahunda yubushyuhe bwigihe gito nigihe gito.Ihuriro rikora hejuru yubushyuhe buri hagati ya 15 na 200 ° C hamwe nigipimo cya 400 ° C / min kuri buri selile 10 ihujwe na Peltier.Sisitemu yasuzumwe uburyo butandukanye bwo gupima capillary bushingiye ku bipimo, nko gukoresha mu buryo butaziguye ubushyuhe bwa gradients hamwe n'umurongo utagaragara kandi utari umurongo, harimo ubushyuhe bwa static inkingi ya gradients hamwe n'ubushyuhe bw'igihe gito, ubushyuhe bwuzuye bugenzurwa, polymerized capillary monolithic ibyiciro bihagaze, no guhimba ibyiciro bya monolithic mumiyoboro ya microfluidic (kuri chip).Igikoresho kirashobora gukoreshwa hamwe na sisitemu isanzwe hamwe ninkingi ya chromatografiya.
Electrohydrodynamic yibanda muburyo bubiri bwa planar microfluidic igikoresho cyo kubanziriza analyite nto
Uyu murimo urimo kwibanda kuri electrohydrodynamic (EHDF) no kohereza fotone kugirango ifashe mugutezimbere mbere yo gukungahaza no kumenyekanisha amoko.EHDF ni uburyo bwa ion buringaniye bwo kwibanda ku gushiraho uburinganire hagati ya hydrodynamic nimbaraga zamashanyarazi, aho ion yinyungu iba ihagaze.Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana uburyo bushya ukoresheje 2D ifunguye 2D igororotse ya planar microfluidic igikoresho aho gukoresha sisitemu isanzwe.Ibikoresho nkibi birashobora kwerekana ibintu byinshi kandi byoroshye gukora.Ubu bushakashatsi butanga ibisubizo byikigereranyo gishya cyakozwe ukoresheje COMSOL Multiphysics® 3.5a.Ibisubizo by'izi ngero byagereranijwe n'ibisubizo byubushakashatsi kugirango hamenyekane imigendekere ya geometrike hamwe nibice byibanze cyane.Moderi yateye imbere ya microfluidic yagereranijwe nubushakashatsi bwatangajwe mbere kandi ibisubizo byari bihuye cyane.Hashingiwe kuri ibi bigereranyo, ubwoko bushya bwubwato bwakozweho ubushakashatsi kugirango butange ibihe byiza kuri EHDF.Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi ukoresheje chip byarushije imikorere yicyitegererezo.Muri chip ya microfluidic yahimbwe, hagaragaye uburyo bushya, bwitwa EGDP kuruhande, mugihe ibintu byigwaga byibanze kuri perpendicular kuri voltage yakoreshejwe.Kuberako gutahura no gufata amashusho nibintu byingenzi bigize sisitemu yo kubanza gukungahaza no kumenya amoko.Ingero zumubare hamwe no kugerageza kugerageza gukwirakwiza urumuri no gukwirakwiza urumuri muri sisitemu ya microfluidic ya sisitemu ebyiri.Icyitegererezo cyumubare wogukwirakwiza urumuri rwagenzuwe neza mubigeragezo haba muburyo nyabwo bwumucyo binyuze muri sisitemu ndetse no gukwirakwiza ubukana, byatanze ibisubizo bishobora kuba byiza mugutezimbere sisitemu ya fotopolymerisation, kimwe na sisitemu yo kumenya optique. ukoresheje capillaries..
Ukurikije geometrie, microstructures irashobora gukoreshwa mubitumanaho, microfluidics, microsensors, kubika amakuru, gukata ibirahuri, no gushushanya.Muri iki gikorwa, hasuzumwe isano iri hagati yimiterere yibipimo bya sisitemu ya Nd: YVO4 na CO2 nubunini na morphologie ya microstructures.Ibipimo byizewe bya sisitemu ya laser birimo imbaraga P, igipimo cyo gusubiramo impiswi PRF, umubare wa pulses N nigipimo cya scan U. Ibipimo byapimwe byapimwe harimo ibipimo bya voxel bihwanye kimwe nubugari bwa microchannel, ubujyakuzimu n'ubuso bukabije.Sisitemu ya micromachining ya 3D yakozwe hifashishijwe Nd: YVO4 laser (2.5 W, 1.604 µm, 80 ns) kugirango ihimbe microstructures imbere yikigereranyo cya polyakarubone.Amajwi ya microstructural afite diameter ya 48 kugeza 181 µm.Sisitemu kandi itanga ibitekerezo byibanze mukoresheje intego za microscope mugukora amajwi mato mumurongo wa 5 kugeza 10 µm mubirahuri bya soda-lime, silika yahujwe na safi.Lazeri ya CO2 (1.5 kWt, 10,6 µm, byibura impiswi ntarengwa 26 µs) yakoreshejwe mugukora microchannel mubyitegererezo bya soda-lime.Imiterere yambukiranya ibice bya microchannel yari itandukanye cyane hagati ya v-grooves, u-grooves, hamwe na site yo gukuraho hejuru.Ingano ya microchannel nayo iratandukanye cyane: kuva kuri 81 kugeza kuri 365 µm z'ubugari, kuva kuri 3 kugeza kuri 379 µm mubwimbye, hamwe nubuso bwubuso kuva kuri 2 kugeza kuri 13 µm, bitewe nubushakashatsi.Ingano ya Microchannel yasuzumwe hakurikijwe ibipimo byo gutunganya laser hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusubiza hejuru (RSM) no gushushanya ubushakashatsi (DOE).Ibisubizo byakusanyirijwe hamwe byakoreshejwe kugirango bige ku ngaruka ibipimo byerekana inzira ku gipimo cya volumetric na misa.Mubyongeyeho, uburyo bwubushyuhe bwimibare yububiko bwateguwe kugirango bufashe gusobanukirwa inzira no kwemerera umuyoboro wa topologiya guhanurwa mbere yo guhimba nyirizina.
Inganda za metrologiya zihora zishakisha uburyo bushya bwo gukora ubushakashatsi bwihuse kandi bwihuse kandi bugashushanya imibare yubutaka, harimo kubara ibipimo byerekana ububi bwubutaka no gukora ibicu (ingingo yibice bitatu-byerekana ubuso bumwe cyangwa bwinshi) bwo kwerekana imiterere cyangwa gukora reaction.sisitemu irahari, kandi sisitemu ya optique yakuze mubyamamare mumyaka icumi ishize, ariko optique ya optique ihenze kugura no kubungabunga.Bitewe n'ubwoko bwa sisitemu, optique ya optique nayo irashobora kugorana kuyishushanya kandi intege nke zayo ntizishobora kuba zikwiriye kububiko cyangwa gusaba uruganda.Uyu mushinga urimo iterambere ryumwirondoro ukoresheje amahame ya triangulaire optique.Sisitemu yateye imbere ifite imbonerahamwe ya skaneri ya 200 x 120 mm hamwe nuburebure bwa metero 5.Umwanya wa laser sensor hejuru yintego nayo irashobora guhindurwa na mm 15.Porogaramu yo kugenzura yateguwe mu buryo bwikora bwo gusikana ibice byatoranijwe hamwe nubuso.Sisitemu nshya irangwa nukuri kurwego.Ikigereranyo ntarengwa cosine yibipimo bya sisitemu ni 0.07 °.Imbaraga zukuri za sisitemu zapimwe kuri 2 µm muri Z-axis (uburebure) na 10 µm muri X na Y.Ingano yubunini hagati yibice byasikuwe (ibiceri, imigozi, koza na lens lens bipfa) byari byiza.Ikizamini cya sisitemu nacyo kizaganirwaho, harimo imbogamizi za profili hamwe niterambere rya sisitemu.
Intego yuyu mushinga nugutezimbere no kuranga sisitemu nshya ya optique yihuta yo kumurongo kugirango igenzure inenge.Sisitemu yo kugenzura ishingiye ku ihame rya triangulaire optique kandi itanga uburyo budahuza kugirango hamenyekane imiterere-yimiterere itatu yimiterere ya diffuse.Ibice byingenzi bigize sisitemu yiterambere harimo diode laser, kamera ya CCf15 CMOS, na moteri ebyiri za servo zigenzurwa na PC.Icyitegererezo, gufata amashusho, hamwe na 3D yerekana ishusho byateguwe muri software ya LabView.Kugenzura amakuru yafashwe birashobora koroherezwa mugukora progaramu yo kwerekana muburyo bwa 3D scanne yubuso no kubara ibipimo bikenewe byubuso.Moteri ya Servo ikoreshwa mu kwimura icyitegererezo mu cyerekezo cya X na Y hamwe na 0.05 µm.Iterambere ridahuye kumurongo wa profili irashobora gukora scanne yihuse kandi igenzura hejuru.Sisitemu yateye imbere ikoreshwa neza mugukora ibyuma byikora 2D byikora, imyirondoro ya 3D yubuso hamwe nuburinganire bwuburinganire hejuru yibikoresho byintangarugero.Ibikoresho byo kugenzura byikora bifite XY scanning ya 12 x 12 mm.Kugirango urangize kandi uhindure sisitemu yateye imbere, imiterere yubuso yapimwe na sisitemu yagereranijwe nubuso bumwe bwapimwe hakoreshejwe microscope optique, microscope ya binocular, AFM na Mitutoyo Surftest-402.
Ibisabwa ku bwiza bwibicuruzwa nibikoresho bikoreshwa muri byo biragenda bisabwa cyane.Igisubizo cyibibazo byinshi byerekana ubwiza (QA) ni ugukoresha sisitemu nyayo igenzurwa.Ibi bisaba ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa bimwe byinjira cyane.Kubwibyo, sisitemu irakenewe 100% ishoboye kugerageza ibikoresho hamwe nubuso mugihe nyacyo.Kugirango ugere kuriyi ntego, guhuza tekinoroji ya laser hamwe na tekinoroji yo kugenzura mudasobwa bitanga igisubizo cyiza.Muriyi mirimo, sisitemu yihuta, ihendutse, hamwe na sisitemu yohanze ya laser yogusuzuma.Sisitemu ishoboye gupima ubunini bwibintu bikomeye bya opaque ukoresheje ihame rya laser optique triangulation.Sisitemu yateye imbere yemeza neza no kubyara ibipimo kurwego rwa micrometero.
Intego yuyu mushinga ni ugushushanya no guteza imbere sisitemu yo kugenzura lazeri yo gutahura inenge no gusuzuma ubushobozi bwayo bwihuse bwihuse.Ibice byingenzi bigize sisitemu yo gutahura ni moderi ya laser diode nkisoko yo kumurika, kamera ya CMOS idasanzwe nkigice cyo gutahura, hamwe nicyiciro cya XYZ.Algorithms yo gusesengura amakuru yabonetse mugusuzuma ibyitegererezo bitandukanye byateguwe.Sisitemu yo kugenzura ishingiye ku ihame rya optique ya mpandeshatu.Urumuri rwa laser ni ibintu byabaye hejuru yicyitegererezo.Itandukaniro muburebure bwubuso noneho rifatwa nkigitambambuga cya horizontal ya laser hejuru yicyitegererezo.Ibi bituma ibipimo by'uburebure bifatwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa mpandeshatu.Sisitemu yatunganijwe yatejwe imbere ibanza guhindurwa kugirango ibone ibintu bihinduka byerekana isano iri hagati yo kwimura ingingo yapimwe na sensor hamwe no guhagarikwa guhagaritse hejuru.Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe hejuru yuburyo bwibikoresho byintangarugero: umuringa, aluminium nicyuma.Sisitemu yateye imbere irashobora gukora neza ikarita ya 3D topografiya yinenge igaragara mugihe ikora.Ikigereranyo cyahantu hafi 70 µm hamwe nuburebure bwa 60 µm byagezweho.Imikorere ya sisitemu nayo igenzurwa no gupima neza intera yapimwe.
Sisitemu yihuta ya fibre laser yogusuzuma ikoreshwa mubikorwa byinganda zikora inganda kugirango bamenye inenge.Ubundi buryo bugezweho bwo kumenya inenge zirimo gukoresha fibre optique yo kumurika no kumenya ibice.Iyi mpamyabumenyi ikubiyemo igishushanyo mbonera no guteza imbere sisitemu nshya yihuta ya optoelectronic sisitemu.Muri iyi nyandiko, hakozwe iperereza ku masoko abiri ya LED, LED (urumuri rutanga urumuri) na diode ya laser.Umurongo wa diode eshanu zisohora na eshanu zakira fotodiode ziherereye hamwe.Ikusanyamakuru rigenzurwa kandi rigasesengurwa na PC ukoresheje software ya LabVIEW.Sisitemu ikoreshwa mugupima ibipimo byubusembwa bwubuso nkibyobo (1 mm), ibyobo bihumye (mm 2) hamwe nubutaka mubikoresho bitandukanye.Ibisubizo byerekana ko mugihe sisitemu igenewe cyane cyane gusikana 2D, irashobora kandi gukora nka sisitemu ntoya yerekana amashusho ya 3D.Sisitemu yerekanaga kandi ko ibyuma byose byizwe byashoboye kwerekana ibimenyetso bya infragre.Uburyo bushya bwateguwe hifashishijwe umurongo wa fibre ihindagurika ituma sisitemu igera kumyanzuro ihindagurika hamwe na sisitemu ntarengwa ya 100 µm (gukusanya diameter ya fibre).Sisitemu yakoreshejwe neza mugupima imiterere yubuso, ubugari bwubuso, ubunini no kwerekana ibintu bitandukanye.Aluminium, ibyuma bidafite ingese, umuringa, umuringa, tuffnol na polyakarubone birashobora kugeragezwa hamwe niyi sisitemu.Ibyiza byiyi sisitemu nshya ni ukumenya byihuse, igiciro gito, ingano ntoya, gukemura neza no guhinduka.
Gushushanya, kubaka no kugerageza sisitemu nshya kugirango uhuze kandi ukoreshe tekinoloji nshya y’ibidukikije.Byumwihariko bikwiranye na bagiteri ikurikirana ikurikirana
Guhindura Micro-Nano Imiterere ya Silicon Solar PV Panel kugirango tunoze itangwa ryingufu
Imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye zubuhanga bwugarije umuryango wisi muri iki gihe ni ugutanga ingufu zirambye.Igihe kirageze ngo societe itangire kwishingikiriza cyane kumasoko yingufu zishobora kubaho.Izuba ritanga isi imbaraga zubusa, ariko uburyo bugezweho bwo gukoresha izo mbaraga muburyo bwamashanyarazi bufite aho bugarukira.Ku bijyanye na selile Photovoltaque, ikibazo nyamukuru nubushobozi budahagije bwo gukusanya ingufu zizuba.Micromachining ya Laser isanzwe ikoreshwa mugukora imikoranire hagati yimikorere ya Photovoltaque nka substrate yibirahure, silicon hydrogenated, na zinc oxyde.Birazwi kandi ko ingufu nyinshi zishobora kuboneka hongerwa ubuso bwizuba ryizuba, urugero na micromachining.Byerekanwe ko ibisobanuro birambuye bya nanoscale bigira ingaruka kumirasire y'izuba.Intego yuru rupapuro nugukora ubushakashatsi ku nyungu zo guhuza imirasire y'izuba ya micro-, nano- na mesoscale kugirango itange ingufu zisumba izindi.Guhindura ibipimo byikoranabuhanga bya microstructures na nanostructures bizatuma bishoboka kwiga ingaruka zabyo kuri topologiya.Ingirabuzimafatizo zizageragezwa ku mbaraga zitanga iyo zihuye n’urwego rugenzurwa n’umucyo wa electronique.Umubano utaziguye uzashyirwaho hagati yimikorere ya selile nuburyo bwo hejuru.
Ibyuma bya Matrix (MMCs) bigenda byihuta kuba abakandida ba mbere kuruhare rwibikoresho byubatswe mubuhanga na elegitoroniki.Aluminium (Al) n'umuringa (Cu) byashimangiwe na SiC kubera imiterere myiza yubushyuhe bwiza (urugero: coefficient de coiffure yo kwagura ubushyuhe buke (CTE), imiyoboro ihanitse yubushyuhe) hamwe nubukanishi bwiza (urugero imbaraga zidasanzwe, imikorere myiza).Ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bitandukanye kugirango irinde kwambara na modulus yihariye.Vuba aha, izi MMC zo hejuru zahindutse indi nzira yo kugenzura ubushyuhe mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki.Mubisanzwe, mubikoresho byingufu zamashanyarazi, aluminium (Al) cyangwa umuringa (Cu) ikoreshwa nkubushyuhe cyangwa isahani fatizo kugirango uhuze na ceramic substrate itwara chip hamwe nibikoresho bya pin bifitanye isano.Itandukaniro rinini muri coefficient yo kwagura ubushyuhe (CTE) hagati ya ceramic na aluminium cyangwa umuringa ntago ari bibi kuko bigabanya ubwizerwe bwa paki kandi bikanagabanya ubunini bwubutaka bwa ceramic bushobora kwomekwa kuri substrate.
Urebye iyi nenge, ubu birashoboka guteza imbere, gukora iperereza no kuranga ibikoresho bishya byujuje ibi bisabwa kubikoresho byatejwe imbere.Hamwe nogutezimbere kwamashanyarazi hamwe na coefficient yo kwagura ubushyuhe (CTE), MMC CuSiC na AlSiC ubu nibisubizo bifatika kubikoresho byo gupakira ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.Aka kazi kazasuzuma imiterere yihariye ya thermophysical yiyi MMCs nibishoboka bishoboka mugucunga amashyanyarazi ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.
Ibigo bya peteroli bifite ruswa igaragara muri zone yo gusudira ya sisitemu yinganda za peteroli na gaze ikozwe muri karubone hamwe nicyuma gito.Mubidukikije birimo CO2, kwangirika kwangirika mubisanzwe biterwa no gutandukana kwimbaraga za firime zirinda ruswa zashyizwe kuri microstructures zitandukanye.Kwangirika kwaho mucyuma gisudira (WM) hamwe na zone yibasiwe nubushyuhe (HAZ) ahanini biterwa ningaruka za galvanike kubera itandukaniro ryimiterere ya alloy na microstructure.Hakozwe iperereza ku byuma fatizo (PM), WM, na HAZ microstructural kugirango basobanukirwe ingaruka za microstructure ku myitwarire yo kwangirika kwibyuma byoroheje byahujwe.Ibizamini bya ruswa byakorewe mu gipimo cya 3.5% cya NaCl cyuzuyemo CO2 mu bihe bya dexygeneque ku bushyuhe bwicyumba (20 ± 2 ° C) na pH 4.0 ± 0.3.Kuranga imyitwarire ya ruswa byakozwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa electrochemicique kugirango hamenyekane ubushobozi bwumuzunguruko ufunguye, gusikana potentiodynamic hamwe no kurwanya umurongo wa polarisiyasi, ndetse no kuranga metallografiya rusange ukoresheje microscopi optique.Ibyiciro byingenzi bya morfologiya byagaragaye ni acicular ferrite, yagumanye austenite, hamwe na martensitike-bainitike muri WM.Ntibisanzwe muri HAZ.Mu buryo bugaragara imyitwarire itandukanye ya mashanyarazi nigipimo cya ruswa cyabonetse muri PM, VM na HAZ.
Ibikorwa bikubiye muri uyu mushinga bigamije kuzamura amashanyarazi ya pompe zirohama.Ibisabwa ku nganda za pompe kugana muri iki cyerekezo biherutse kwiyongera hashyizweho amategeko mashya y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi asaba inganda muri rusange kugera ku nzego nshya kandi zisumbuyeho.Uru rupapuro rusesengura ikoreshwa rya jacket ikonje kugirango ukonje pompe solenoid kandi isaba kunoza igishushanyo.By'umwihariko, gutembera kw'amazi no guhererekanya ubushyuhe mu ikoti ikonje ya pompe ikora irangwa.Gutezimbere mubishushanyo mbonera bizatanga ubushyuhe bwiza mumashanyarazi ya pompe bigatuma imikorere ya pompe igenda neza mugihe bigabanya gukurura.Kuriyi mirimo, sisitemu yumye yashizwemo pompe yongerewe kuri tank ya test ya m3 250.Ibi bituma kamera yihuta ikurikirana umurima utemba hamwe nishusho yubushyuhe bwa pompe.Umwanya utemba wemejwe nisesengura rya CFD utanga igeragezwa, kugerageza no kugereranya ubundi buryo bwo gukora kugirango ubushyuhe bukore buke buke bushoboka.Igishushanyo mbonera cya pompe ya M60-4 cyihanganiye ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwo hanze bwa pompe yubushyuhe bwa 45 ° C nubushyuhe ntarengwa bwa 90 ° C.Isesengura ryibishushanyo mbonera bitandukanye byerekana ibishushanyo bifite akamaro kanini kuri sisitemu ikora neza kandi idakwiye gukoreshwa.By'umwihariko, igishushanyo mbonera cyo gukonjesha cyahinduwe nta terambere kirenze igishushanyo mbonera.Kongera umubare wibyuma biva kuri bine bikagera kuri umunani byagabanije ubushyuhe bwimikorere bupimye kuri kasike ya dogere selisiyusi zirindwi.
Gukomatanya kwinshi kwingufu no kugabanya igihe cyo kwerekana mugutunganya ibyuma bivamo impinduka mumiterere ya microstructure.Kubona uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza ibipimo bya laser hamwe nigipimo cyo gukonjesha ningirakamaro muguhindura imiterere yingano no kunoza imiterere ya tribologiya hejuru yibintu.Intego nyamukuru yubu bushakashatsi kwari ugukora ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka zo gutunganya lazeri yihuse ku miterere ya tribologiya y’ibicuruzwa biboneka mu bucuruzi.Uyu murimo wahariwe guhindura laser hejuru yicyuma kitagira umuyonga AISI 316L na Ti-6Al-4V.1.5 kW ya pulseri ya CO2 yakoreshejwe kugirango yige ingaruka zuburyo butandukanye bwa lazeri hamwe na microstructure yubuso hamwe na morphologie.Ukoresheje icyitegererezo cya silindrike cyazengurutse perpendicular yerekeza kumirasire ya laser, ubukana bwimirasire ya laser, igihe cyo kwerekana, ubwinshi bwingufu zingufu, nubugari bwa pulse byari bitandukanye.Kuranga byakozwe hakoreshejwe SEM, EDX, gupima urushinge no gusesengura XRD.Uburyo bwo guhanura ubushyuhe bwubuso nabwo bwashyizwe mubikorwa kugirango dushyireho ibipimo byambere byubushakashatsi.Ikarita yerekana inzira noneho yakozwe kugirango hamenyekane umubare wibipimo byihariye byo kuvura lazeri hejuru yicyuma gishongeshejwe.Hariho isano rikomeye hagati yo kumurika, igihe cyo kumurika, gutunganya ubujyakuzimu no gukomera byintangarugero.Kwiyongera kwimbitse nubukonje bwimpinduka za microstructural byajyanye nurwego rwo hejuru rwo guhura nigihe cyo kwerekana.Mugusesengura ubukana nuburebure bwahantu havuwe, gukoresha ingufu hamwe nubushyuhe bwubuso bikoreshwa muguhishurira urugero rwo gushonga bizabera hejuru.Mugihe igihe cyo guhuza urumuri rwa lazeri cyiyongera, uburinganire bwicyuma bwiyongera kuburwego rutandukanye rwimbaraga za pulse.Mugihe imiterere yubuso yagaragaye kugirango igumane guhuza bisanzwe bya kristu, impinduka mubyerekezo by ingano byagaragaye ahantu havuwe na laser.
Isesengura no kuranga imyitwarire yimyitwarire ningaruka zayo mugushushanya
Muri uyu mushinga, hateguwe geometrike zitandukanye zitandukanye kandi hasesenguwe ibintu bitagira ingano kugira ngo dusobanukirwe nuburyo bwimiterere yimiterere yamagufwa, uruhare rwabo mugutezimbere ingirabuzimafatizo, no gukwirakwiza cyane imihangayiko hamwe ningutu muri scafold.Kubara tomografiya (CT) scan ya trabecular amagufwa yakusanyirijwe hamwe hiyongereyeho scafold yubatswe hamwe na CAD.Ibishushanyo bigufasha gukora no kugerageza prototypes, kimwe no gukora FEM yibi bishushanyo.Ibipimo bya mehaniki ya microdeformations byakorewe kuri scafolds yahimbwe hamwe na trabecular ingero zamagufwa yumutwe wigitsina gore kandi ibisubizo byagereranijwe nibyabonetse na FEA kubintu bimwe.Byizerwa ko imiterere yubukanishi iterwa nuburyo bwashizweho (imiterere), ubunini bwa pore (120, 340 na 600 µm) hamwe nuburyo bwo gupakira (hamwe cyangwa bidafite imitwaro).Impinduka muri ibi bipimo zasesenguwe ku buryo butandukanye bwa 8 mm3, 22.7 mm3 na 1000 mm3 kugira ngo twige byimazeyo ingaruka zabyo ku gukwirakwiza imihangayiko.Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi nibigereranyo byerekana ko igishushanyo cya geometrike yimiterere igira uruhare runini mugusaranganya imihangayiko, kandi ikagaragaza imbaraga zikomeye zashizweho muburyo bwo kunoza amagufwa.Mubisanzwe, ingano ya pore irahambaye kuruta urwego rwinshi muguhitamo urwego ntarengwa rwo guhangayika.Nyamara, urwego rwimyitozo ningirakamaro muguhitamo osteoconductivity yimiterere ya scafold.Nkuko urwego rwinshi rwiyongera kuva 30% kugeza kuri 70%, agaciro ntarengwa gashobora kwiyongera cyane kubunini bumwe.
Ingano ya pore ya scafold nayo ni ngombwa muburyo bwo guhimba.Uburyo bwose bugezweho bwo kwihuta bwihuta bufite aho bugarukira.Mugihe ibihimbano bisanzwe bihindagurika, bigoye kandi bito bito akenshi ntibishoboka guhimba.Byinshi muri ubwo buryo bwikoranabuhanga ntibishobora kubyara amazina munsi ya 500 µm.Rero, ibisubizo bifite ubunini bwa 600 µm muriyi mirimo bifitanye isano cyane nubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro tekinoroji yihuse yo gukora.Imiterere ya mpandeshatu, nubwo isuzumwa mu cyerekezo kimwe gusa, niyo yaba anisotropique cyane ugereranije nuburyo bushingiye kuri cube na mpandeshatu.Kubika na mpandeshatu ni isotropic ugereranije nuburyo butandatu.Anisotropy ni ngombwa mugihe usuzumye osteoconductivity ya scafold yagenewe.Ikwirakwizwa rya Stress hamwe na aperture bigira ingaruka kubikorwa byo guhindura ibintu, kandi ibintu bitandukanye byo gupakira birashobora guhindura agaciro ntarengwa kahantu hamwe.Icyerekezo cyinshi cyo gupakira kigomba guteza imbere ubunini no gukwirakwiza kugirango ingirabuzimafatizo zikure mu byobo binini kandi bitange intungamubiri nibikoresho byubaka.Undi mwanzuro ushimishije wiki gikorwa, mugusuzuma ikwirakwizwa ryimyitwarire mugice cyambukiranya inkingi, nuko indangagaciro zo guhangayika zanditswe hejuru yinkingi ugereranije nikigo.Muri iki gikorwa, herekanywe ko ingano ya pore, urwego rwinshi, nuburyo bwo gupakira bifitanye isano rya bugufi nurwego rwimyitwarire yibonekeje.Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi byerekana ko hashobora kubaho imiterere yimiterere aho urwego rwimyitwarire rushobora gutandukana kurwego runini, rushobora guteza imbere ingirabuzimafatizo no gukura.
Amagufa asimburanya amagufwa atanga amahirwe yo kudoda kugiti cye, gutsinda abaterankunga bake, no kunoza osseointegration.Ubwubatsi bwamagufa bugamije gukemura ibyo bibazo mugutanga ibihangano byiza bishobora gutangwa kubwinshi.Muri iyi porogaramu, haba imbere na hanze ya scafold geometrie ifite akamaro kanini, kuko igira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere yubukanishi, ubwikorezi, no gukwirakwiza selile.Ubuhanga bwihuse bwa prototyping butuma hakoreshwa ibikoresho bitari bisanzwe hamwe na geometrie yatanzwe kandi ikozwe neza, ikozwe neza.Uru rupapuro rugaragaza ubushobozi bwubuhanga bwo gucapa 3D bwo guhimba geometrike igoye ya skeletale ikoresheje ibikoresho bya calcium fosifate ya biocompatible.Ubushakashatsi bwibanze bwibintu byihariye byerekana ko imyitwarire yubuyobozi iteganijwe ishobora kugerwaho.Ibipimo nyabyo byerekana icyerekezo cyubukanishi bwicyitegererezo cyahimbwe cyerekanaga inzira nkibisubizo byisesengura ryanyuma (FEM).Uyu murimo urerekana kandi uburyo bushoboka bwo gucapa 3D kugirango uhimbe tissue injeniyeri ya geometrie scafolds iva muri biocompatible calcium fosifate sima.Urwego rwakozwe mugucapisha hamwe numuti wamazi wa disodium hydrogen fosifate kumurongo wa poro igizwe nuruvange rumwe rwa calcium hydrogène fosifate na hydroxide ya calcium.Imyunyu ngugu itose ibera muburiri bwa powder ya printer ya 3D.Ingero zikomeye zakozwe kugirango zipime imiterere yubukorikori bwa compression ya calcium ya fosifate yakozwe na sima (CPC).Ibice byakozwe rero byari bifite impuzandengo ya elastique ya 3.59 MPa nimbaraga zo gukanda zingana na 0.147 MPa.Gucumura biganisha ku kwiyongera gukomeye kwimiterere (E = 9.15 MPa, σt = 0.483 MPa), ariko bigabanya ubuso bwihariye bwibintu.Bitewe no gucumura, cisiyumu ya fosifate ya sima ibora muri β-tricalcium fosifate (β-TCP) na hydroxyapatite (HA), ibyo bikaba byemezwa namakuru yisesengura rya thermogravimetric hamwe nubushakashatsi butandukanye (TGA / DTA) hamwe nisesengura rya X-ray ( XRD).imitungo ntabwo ihagije kubitera imitwaro iremereye cyane, aho imbaraga zisabwa ziva kuri 1.5 kugeza 150 MPa, kandi gukomera gukabije kurenga MPa 10.Ariko, nyuma yinyuma yatunganijwe, nko gucengera hamwe na biodegradable polymers, irashobora gukora izi nyubako zibereye stent progaramu.
Intego: Ubushakashatsi mubukanishi bwubutaka bwerekanye ko kunyeganyega gukoreshwa kuri rusange bivamo guhuza ibice neza no kugabanya ingufu zisabwa kugirango zikore kuri rusange.Intego yacu yari iyo gushyiraho uburyo bwingaruka zo kunyeganyega kumikorere yamagufwa no gusuzuma ingaruka zayo kumiterere yubukorikori bwatewe.
Icyiciro cya 1: Gusya imitwe 80 ya bovine femur ukoresheje urusyo rwa Noviomagus.Ubukorikori noneho bwogejwe hifashishijwe sisitemu yo gukaraba saline kumashanyarazi.Hakozwe igikoresho cya vibro-impact, gifite moteri ebyiri 15 V DC zifite uburemere bwa eccentricique yashyizwe imbere muri silindiri yicyuma.Tera uburemere kuri uburebure bwatanzwe inshuro 72 kugirango ubyare inzira yo gukubita igufwa.Ikigereranyo cyinyeganyeza cyapimwe hamwe na moteri yihuta yashyizwe mucyumba cyo kunyeganyega.Buri kizamini cyogusubiramo noneho cyasubiwemo imitwaro ine itandukanye kugirango ubone urukurikirane rwimitekerereze.Amabahasha yo kunanirwa ya Mohr-Coulomb yubatswe kuri buri kizamini, aho inkomoko yo gukata no guhagarika indangagaciro.
Icyiciro cya 2: Subiramo ubushakashatsi wongeyeho amaraso kugirango wigane ibidukikije bikungahaye byahuye nubushakashatsi.
Icyiciro cya 1: Igishushanyo hamwe no kwiyongera kunyeganyega kuri frequence zose zinyeganyeza byerekanaga imbaraga zogosha ugereranije ningaruka zitanyeganyega.Kunyeganyega kuri 60 Hz byagize ingaruka zikomeye kandi byari bifite akamaro.
Icyiciro cya 2: Gushushanya hamwe ningaruka zinyongera zinyeganyeza zuzuye zerekanaga imbaraga zo gukata hasi kumitwaro isanzwe isanzwe yo kwikuramo kuruta ingaruka nta kunyeganyega.
Umwanzuro: Amahame yubuhanga bwububatsi arakoreshwa mugutera igufwa ryatewe.Mugihe cyumye, kongeramo kunyeganyega birashobora kunoza imiterere yimikorere yibice.Muri sisitemu yacu, inshuro nziza yinyeganyeza ni 60 Hz.Mubintu byuzuye, kwiyongera kwinyeganyeza bigira ingaruka mbi kumbaraga zogukusanya.Ibi birashobora gusobanurwa nuburyo bwo kuyungurura.
Icyari kigamijwe muri uyu murimo kwari ugushushanya, kubaka no kugerageza sisitemu ishobora guhungabanya amasomo ahagaze kuri yo kugirango isuzume ubushobozi bwabo bwo gusubiza izo mpinduka.Ibi birashobora gukorwa mugihe cyunamye hejuru yumuntu umuntu ahagaze hanyuma akabisubiza mumwanya utambitse.Duhereye kuri ibi birashoboka kumenya niba amasomo yashoboye kugumana imiterere yuburinganire nigihe byatwaye kugirango bagarure iyi miterere yuburinganire.Iyi miterere yuburinganire izagenwa no gupima ingaruka zimyifatire.Imyitwarire yabo isanzwe yimyanya yapimwe hamwe nigitutu cyerekana ibirenge kugirango bamenye umubare wikizamini mugihe cyizamini.Sisitemu nayo yashizweho kugirango ihindurwe kandi ihendutse kuruta iy'ubucuruzi iboneka muri iki gihe kuko, nubwo izo mashini ari ingenzi mu bushakashatsi, ntabwo zikoreshwa cyane kubera igiciro cyinshi.Sisitemu nshya yatunganijwe yerekanwe muriyi ngingo yakoreshejwe mu kwimura ibintu bipima ibiro 100.
Muri iki gikorwa, ubushakashatsi butandatu bwa laboratoire mu buhanga n’ubumenyi bw’umubiri bwateguwe hagamijwe kunoza imyigire y’abanyeshuri.Ibi bigerwaho mugushiraho no gukora ibikoresho bifatika kuri ubu bushakashatsi.Gukoresha ibikoresho bifatika bigereranywa nuburyo gakondo bwo kwigisha bwa laboratoire, kandi harasuzumwa ishingiro ryiterambere ryuburyo bwombi.Ibikorwa byabanje gukoresha mudasobwa ifashwa na mudasobwa (CBL) mumishinga isa niyi mirimo yakoreshejwe mugusuzuma bimwe mubyiza byibikoresho bisanzwe, cyane cyane bijyanye no kongera inyungu zabanyeshuri, kubika kwibuka, kubyumva, ndetse no gutanga raporo ya laboratoire..inyungu zijyanye.Ubushakashatsi bwibonekeje bwaganiriweho muri ubu bushakashatsi ni verisiyo ivuguruye yuburyo bwa gakondo igerageza bityo igatanga igereranya ritaziguye tekinike nshya ya CBL hamwe na laboratoire gakondo.Nta tandukaniro ryibitekerezo riri hagati yuburyo bubiri bwikigereranyo, itandukaniro ryonyine nuburyo ryatanzwe.Imikorere yubu buryo bwa CBL yasuzumwe harebwa imikorere yabanyeshuri bakoresheje igikoresho kiboneka ugereranije nabandi banyeshuri bo mucyiciro kimwe bakora uburyo bwa gakondo bwo kugerageza.Abanyeshuri bose basuzumwa no gutanga raporo, ibibazo byinshi byo guhitamo bijyanye nubushakashatsi bwabo hamwe nibibazo.Ibyavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi byagereranijwe n’ubundi bushakashatsi bujyanye na CBL.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Gashyantare-19-2023